Dorothea Dix Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Dorothea Dix – One of the Great Women of the 1800s Once in a while a truly exceptional person has made a mark on the growth of mankind. Dorothea Dix was an exceptional woman. She wrote children’s books, she was a school teacher, and she helped reform in prisons. Some of her most notable work was in the field of making mental health institutions a better place for the patients that lived in them. Dorothea Dix gave a great deal to humanity and her achievements are still being felt today, especially in the treatment of those with mental disabilities. Dix started out though with very humble beginnings. Dorothea Dix was born in Hampden, Maine in 1802. Her mother was not very mentally stable and her dad was an abusive alcoholic. The Dix moved from Maine to Vermont just before the British War of 1812. Then, after the war they moved to Worcester, MA. While in Worcester, the Dix had two more children, both boys. The family would eventually break apart because of the mother’s mental state and the father’s drinking.1 Dorothea Dix and her two brothers ended up moving to Boston to live with their grandmother on their father’s side Dorothea Lynde, who was the wife of Dr Elijah Dix.2 Dix helped with the rearing of her brothers as she had done in her parents’ home. The grandmother tried to instill her Puritan ways of Boston’s wealthy into Dix’s mind. Grandmother Dix tried to turn young Dorothea into a nice proper girl from Boston, but that wasn’t in the cards for young Dix. The grandmother had given her dancing lessons and even her own private seamstress. Dix was not into this style of life and she would give some of her clothes away, and food to the poor; which had infuriated her grandmother. This angered the grandmother enough to send youn... ... Patterson Smith, 1967 Gollaher, David. Voice for the Mad: The Life of Dorothea Dix, New York. Free Press. 1995 Marshall, H.E. . Dorothea Dix, forgotten Samaritan. Chapel Hill. University of North Carolina Press. 1937

Three Strike Laws Essay -- Law Laws Argumentative Persuasive papers

Three Strike Laws Mandatory minimums and three strike laws, are they really the answer to the crime problem America has faced for years? Many would say yes, including me, as long as it is for a violent crime such as murder, rape or arson; some feel that even theft, drug trafficking or possession, and burglary are all worthy of the 25-to-life sentence that can be carried under the mandatory minimums for three strike laws. A three-strike law is a law that states that you will be sentenced to 25years to life for three violations and convictions of a law. Where the three strike laws have mandatory sentences, mandatory sentences aren’t always tied in with three strike laws. A mandatory minimum is a law that requires someone serve a predetermined amount of time in prison for specific offenses and the only way to have it reduced is by assisting the authorities in further convictions of others. In California a man was sentenced under the three strike laws for theft because he had two prior convictions. This man had been convicted of robbery and attempted robbery; therefore the slice of pizza he stole got him 25 years to life in prison (Lungren Trumpets ‘Three Strikes’ Law). Yes now, in California, you can be sent to prison for life if you take a slice of pizza from someone. Let’s talk about how fair these laws are. Many say that these laws are used to profile African Americans and inner-city minorities primarily by the sentencing difference in rock and powder cocaine. There is a difference in the two forms and how they’re sold. Cocaine can be bought and sold as powder or rocks, also known as crack or crack cocaine. The effects of each are essentially the same. People will get the same effects with powder as w... ...ad, Peter. â€Å"Mandatory Sentences: Putting the Record Straight† Contemporary Review 270.1573 (1997): 57-61. Easton, Steve. â€Å"Incarceration Aids Drug Fight.† USA Today 30 Sept. 2002: News A11. Free, Jr. Marvin D. â€Å"The Impact of Federal Sentencing Reforms on African Americans.† Journal of Black Studies 28.2 (1997): 268-287. Goodwin, Catherine M. â€Å"Determining Mandatory Minimums In Drug Conspiracy Cases.† Federal Probation 59.1 (1995): 74-79. Heath, Erin. â€Å"One-Track Justice.† National Journal 33.34 (2001): 2614-2617. Locy, Toni and Joan Biskupic. â€Å"U.S. Panel to Urge Change in Crack Penalties.† USA Today 4 Aug. 2002: News A3. Stodghill, II, Ron. â€Å"Unequal Justice: Why Women Fare Worse.† Time 2 Jan. 1999: 50-52. Taylor Jr., Stewart. â€Å"Good Pardons, Bad Laws, and Bush’s Unique Opportunity.† National Journal 33.7 (2001): 466-468.

Julius Caesar Essay: Superstition in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

Julius Caesar: Superstition In the play of Julius Caesar, we see a brief picture of Roman life during the time of the First Triumvirate. In this snap shot, we see many unfortunate things. Shakespeare gives us the idea that many people try to circumvent what the future holds, such as unfortunate things, by being superstitious. Superstition seems to play a role in the basic daily life of most Roman citizens. The setting of the first scene is based upon superstition, the Feast of Lupercal. This feast is in honor of the god Pan, the queen of fertility. During this time, infertile females are supposed to be able to procreate, and fertile ones are supposed to be able to bear more. It is also a supposed time of sexual glorification and happiness. Other scenes depict how throughout Rome, roaming the streets are mysterious sooth-sayers, who are supposedly given the power to predict the future. Dictating what is to come through terse tidbits, these people may also be looked upon as superstitious. In the opening scene, one sooth-sayer, old in his years, warns Caesar to "Beware the Ides of March," an admonition of Caesar's impending death. Although sooth-sayers are looked upon by many as insane out of touch lower classmen, a good deal of them, obviously including the sayer Caesar encountered, are indeed right on the mark. Since they lack any formal office or shop, and they predict forthcomings wi thout fee, one can see quite easily why citizens would distrust their predictions. Superstition, in general elements such as the Feast of Lupercal, as well as on a personal level such as with the sooth-sayers, is an important factor in determining the events and the outcome of Julius Caesar, a significant force throughout the entire course of the play. As the play develops we see a few of signs of Caesar's tragic end. Aside from the sooth-sayer's warning, we also see another sign during Caesar's visit with the Augerers, the latter day "psychics". They find "No heart in the beast", which they interpret as advice to Caesar that he should remain at home. Ceasar brushes it off and thinks of it as a rebuke from the gods, meaning that he is a coward if he does not go out, and so he dismisses the wise advice as hearsay. However, the next morning, his wife Calphurnia wakes up frightened due to a horrible nightmare.

Gender Equity Issues In Secondary Physical Education Education Essay

Gender equity issues in secondary physical instructionPhysical instruction categories should be conducted jointly irrespective of gender. The origin of Title 9 manner back in 1972 required that secondary school physical instruction plans operate under the co-ed system. What does this intend? This in kernel meant that misss and male childs were required to larn together under the same environment. As such, it was irrespective of the childaa‚Â ¬a„?s physical abilities. Critics of the Title 9 commissariats aggressively conflict with their advocates reasoning that kids with physical disablements should be given particular intervention and made to larn and take part in different environments. The chief ground behind this being ; these kids are frequently slow in larning than their equals who are normal. This paper will therefore explore the mixed-gender physical instruction in secondary schools and suggest better ways of get the better ofing the challenges posed by this sort of plans. The paper will further research jobs that gender equality brings into the secondary school larning environment among the particular needs kids. Harmonizing to Penney ( 2002 ) , Title 9 prohibits sex favoritism in all instruction plans every bit good as activities. The proviso prohibits gender inequality among secondary school having federal financess. Therefore, male childs and misss are meant to larn under the same acquisition environment regardless of their particular demands. This proviso has so been overtaken by clip and should be revised. The demands under Title 9 have conflicted with the beliefs and patterns of people. For case, in Islam, male childs and misss are non allowed to sit together allow entirely be subdued under the same acquisition environment. The cultural and spiritual struggle that this proviso has brought will be hard to allow travel ( Kirk, MacDonald & A ; O'Sullivan, 2006 ) . Adaptations will necessitate to be given particular consideration in physical instruction. This is because, kids in secondary schools with particular demands learn and take part at different rates compared to those without. These kids can non be lumped together with the normal pupils. Particular needs pupils in secondary schools will therefore necessitate a instance by instance attack to guarantee that they win in their academic enterprises. Harmonizing to Woods ( 2007 ) , physical pedagogues face many jobs. One of the most marked jobs is overcrowded larning environments every bit good as deficiency of adequate installations. This is likely to impact the gait of larning for the pupils with particular demands. Physical pedagogues insinuate that particular needs pupils require a separate well equipped larning environment to enable them hold entree to most of the installations that their status calls for. Therefore, seting male childs and misss with particular demands to larn and take part with pupils who do non hold any particular demands is so endangering their really future as they will be slow to larn and therefore reduce their opportunities of success. In add-on, physical pedagogues face a challenge on how to learn the pupils with particular demands among those without. Their attack is usually to learn both pupils under the same acquisition environment, so individual out those with particular demands and learn them individually, an activity that is usually painstaking. In the recent yesteryear, there has been a ruddy qui vive in relation to the mode in which male childs and misss with particular demands are assorted and taught with the other kids who are considered to be normal ( Kirk, MacDonald & A ; O'Sullivan, 2006 ) . Critics suggest that this may compromise the rights of the particular demands kids in physical instruction aspects. The consequence of this has been a time-crunched instruction agenda for the physical pedagogues. When the Title 9 came into consequence, it was meant to restrict or cut down favoritism of kids with particular demands every bit good as eliminate gender biasness. However, with the challenges faced by the physical pedagogues, it is apparent that misss and male childs have different physical instruction demands. This is more so if they are particular needs kids. Physical pedagogues should therefore seek ways of turn toing these demands individually other than chunking them together. Does the direction given to the male childs differ from that given to the misss? The reply to this under the current physical instruction plan is decidedly, no. nevertheless, there are many challenges faced by the physical pedagogues including varied responses among misss and those with particular demands. Gender dealingss in the secondary school environment frequently dictates the sort of instruction patterns that the physical pedagogues are likely to use. Presently, the biggest job lies in the instruction patterns that are used among these kids every bit good as the equity in gender. Harmonizing to Schwab and Gelfman ( 2005 ) , there are serious equity jobs among assorted gender categories. There are many activities that both genders perform otherwise. This makes the demand for male childs and misss to be taught under different environments, lest the gait of presenting learning content for the physical pedagogues is greatly affected. Students with particular demands required particular attending. Title 9 does non nevertheless supply for this since it generalizes that secondary school pupil should all larn and take part under the same given environment ( Klein, 2007 ) . The consequence of this is that the pupils with particular instruction will non be able to execute better or larn efficaciously due to miss of the needed installations every bit good as the contributing acquisition environment. The deductions of Title 9 are legion. First, physical pedagogues are exposed to the likeliness of physical hurt to the pupils. Subsequently, this may take to judicial proceeding as the pupils will seek a legal suit against the instructors. The physical pedagogues will hence be held apt for any negligent hurt suffered by the pupils. Furthermore, pupils are likely to larn actively if assorted. This is a positive property to the commissariats of Title 9. Physical pedagogues are frequently at undertaking seeking to guarantee just bringing of the learning stuff for physical instruction among the pupils. Possibly the other deduction of Title 9 commissariats is that pupils will be able to larn under similar learning conditions therefore increasing their opportunities of interaction and perchance assisting each other ( Hayes & A ; Stidder, 2003 ) . This will hike their learning chances every bit far as physical instruction is concerned. Therefore, the commissariats of Title 9 aid advance gender equity while at the same clip disfavoring the particular needs pupils in secondary schools. It frequently puts much force per unit area to the physical pedagogues to present their instruction course of study with much equity excessively. The consequence of this is that the physical pedagogues are likely to wound the secondary school pupils and therefore set themselves at the hazard of judicial proceeding originating out of their alleged carelessness.

A Description of the Issue or Area of Public Concern Raised Essay

Unit 201 Principles of communication in adult social care settings Outcome 1 Understand why communication is important in adult social care settings 1.1 -Create and maintain relationships -To teach and to learn – To share opinions – Feelings and emotions -getting to know each other’s 1.2 Effective communication is essential in building a meaningful relationship between the resident and the carer as it can help build trust and respect. Effective communication is fundamental in regards to the resident’s needs and preferences and to ensure they are met. Effective communication can get positive results. 1.3 In face-to-face communication, the person listening may not always indicate verbally if they have understood or if they agree. Observing body language helps the speaker understand if the other person understand, agrees Outcome 2 Understand how to meet the communication and language needs, wishes and preferences of an individual 2.1 It is important to find out an individual’s communication and language, needs, wishes and preferences to: Enable effective communication, understand what an individual is trying to express, understand an individual’s beliefs, culture, and values. To stop an individual becoming stressed out, frightened or frustrated. To be able to support an individual in their daily life. 2.2 Non-verbal communication: -written words -facial expressions – eye contact – touch – physical gestures – body language – behaviour – gestures – visual aids e.g. flash cards, pictures, symbols Verbal communication: – vocabulary – linguistic tone – pitch Outcome 3 Understand how to reduce barriers to communication 3.1 Barriers may include: – not understanding or being aware of an individual’s needs, wishes, beliefs, values and culture – not making communication aids available or checking they are working – not allowing sufficient time to listen -being dismissive and nonresponsive -a noisy environment -an uncomfortable environment e.g. lighting, temperature – a lack of privacy 3.2 To reduce barriers to communication you have to ensuring the support for individual’s, be available for others. Establishing the individual’s needs, wishes, beliefs, values and culture . Also seeking advice from others. If necessary change the environment. 3.3 At the end of the conversation you can ask the individuals if understand everything you was saying to him. To make yourself sure. 3.4 -Translation services This service can help with changing the written text from one language to another. -Interpreting services This service can help with converting spoken language to another language. -Speech and language services This service can support people who have had a stroke and have problems with their speech. -Advocacy services This service can support people who are unable to speak up for themselves. This service tries to understand the needs, wishes and preferences of people, and will argue on their behalf. Outcome 4 Understand confidentiality in adult social care settings 4.1 Confidentiality means keeping information private and keeping information safe. Passing on private information only with the individual’s permission . Only passing on information without the individual’s permission to others who have a right to it or need to know it. 4.2 If you wants maintain confidentiality you have to be aware of bringing up personal information re: patients/residents. Think before you share information as it may be confidential. Do not share more than is necessary. You have to check the identity of the person before passing on information. Do not discussing personal information about individuals outside of work, you never know who may be listening. 4.3 Sometimes confidential information disclosed by a client may need to be passed on to others: If there is a risk of danger or harm to the client, or other people, if abuse is suspected, or if there is suspected misconduct of a colleague, in respect of care of a client, (Whistle-blowing). You must inform the client why the information needs to be passed on to others, and that it is your responsibility to do so. 4.4 The only time you seek advice when adult has spoken to you in confidentiality is when that person is in danger. For example. If being sexually abused, physically abused, threatening to kill themselves etc.

Ratan Tata

Strategist: Sir Ratan Tata When Ratan Tata became Group Chairman in 1991 he ushered an era of change. According to him â€Å"A company or business that remains static will die. A company that constantly changes and accepts that there are better ways to do things than they are done today is a company that will survive in the global market that we face. † He is admired not only for managing the Tata Empire but creating history by making Tata group an MNC by acquiring steel companies like Chorus and legendary automotive brands of Land Rover & Jaguar. It was his vision to come up with Tata Nano, affordable car for common man in India, and with Tata ACE in the commercial segment to cater the ever going needs of cargo transport. All this has revolutionized not only the Indian industry but also created niche in global space. He is recipient of Padma Bhusan, Padma Vibhusan , NASSCOM Leadership, Carneige Mellon medal of philanthropy, ranked among World’s most powerful businessmen, and conferred honorary citizenship of Singapore etc. His personality has distinguishable features–Very dignified, Ethical, Dependable, Believes in keeping promises, questioning the unquestionable, Risk taker not a speculator, Great Motivator, Loyal and believes in making relationships He is an exemplary leader who is a Visionary, Strategist, Initiator/ change champion, Risk taker, Expertise and a man of integrity. His leadership is admired by the corporate of almost every generation. In his Leadership Managerial roles, he exhibits role of– Figurehead Entrepreneur Resource allocator role Disturbance Handler Besides, he is a philanthropist and has taken many initiatives for society and people.

Freedom of Information

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1BACKGROUND OF STUDY In a nation there are some fundamental elements that demonstrate the true existence of certain rights in such a society and these go a long way in showing that it is truly developed in every sense of the word. The level of a nation’s â€Å"maturity† depends on how well it fulfils these elements, one of which is Freedom of information. A government ought to be accountable to its people. Freedom of information has two sides namely, the freedom to convey information, and the freedom to access information.As such, it consists of press freedom and freedom to access any information by the general public. According to Hughes â€Å"the concept of freedom refers to a certain type of political empowerment. It refers specifically to equal empowerment. In other words, a free society is one with an equal distribution of legal rights and in which each and every person has as much legal rights as possible † (Hughes. , 2007). And the Oxford dictionary goes on to say define information as â€Å"Knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact, subject or event; that of which one is apprised or told; intelligence, news†.Freedom of information simply put, gives you the right to ask any public body for all the information they have on any subject you choose (â€Å"Freedom of information,† 2001). Having listened to so much talk about â€Å"freedom of information† it is indeed pertinent to carefully and deliberately look into the likely objects of the government at different stages or rather eras of press freedom in Nigeria and express likely views on the issue.The study will also outline importance of freedom of information, consequences and eventual support for or disapproval of freedom of information in the society, making comparisons of this in both military and civilian regimes from Nigeria’s independence till date. This will be the rationale of this study. According to artic le 19 of the universal human rights, every person has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, to hold opinions without interference and to convey or access information through any media. This study seeks to investigate the practice of this in Nigeria, at different points in time. . 2OBJECTIVES OF STUDY The major objectives of this research as previously mentioned in the background of study are: 1. To outline the freedom of information at different stages in Nigeria – the past, the present and the future of freedom of information going forward. 2. To look at the metamorphosis of freedom of information in Nigeria from its independence in 1960 till date. 3. To research and discuss the likely developments to be expected in this regard as well as where we are with freedom of information and bills being worked on. 4.To tender likely solutions to the problems and limitations of Freedom of information in Nigeria. 1. 3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The study is focused on exploring th e how freedom to convey, air and publish views or information affected us in the past, and how it has affected our growth as a nation. It also seeks to pin point the state of things with regards to the research topic, as well as prospects for the future. 1. 4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS The research will answer the following questions: †¢What was the state of freedom of information in the country during the early stages of our independence? What was the state of freedom of information in the military era? †¢What was the implication of the level of freedom of information on the nation during that era? †¢What has been the state of freedom of information during the civilian era? †¢How has the state of freedom of information affected the growth of Nigeria as a nation? †¢What is the current state of freedom of information in the country? †¢What are the prospects and solutions to problems with freedom of information? 1. 5SCOPE OF STUDYThe study will examine freedom of information under press freedom and freedom of access to information by the public. It will examine this under such eras as, the military and civilian eras and will weigh the progress made over time, as well as make comparisons of both periods. The study will also outline the steps taken for or against the freedom of information with regards to press freedom and accessibility to information by the different administrations. It will examine the ways in which the government has affected freedom of information and how this has affected or will affect our growth as a nation. . 6RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This research will make use of both primary and secondary sources of information. The primary sources to be used will include the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, statute books, law reports, journals as well as other relevant materials, pertaining to freedom of information. The secondary sources to be used are texts and other online materials written within and outside t he country, dictionaries and other materials that will aid in answering the research questions. . 7LITERATURE REVIEW The literature to be reviewed includes a number of journals, texts, as well as scholarly articles which are relevant to the study. The study seeks to develop on previous works by different authors and scholars. 1. 8CONCLUSION The study should conclusively after considering the pros and cons as well as development and implications of freedom of information fall in tune with the agitation of freedom of information or agree that indeed a limit should be rested on.It will also arrival on conclusions on the stand of the government, the press and the people on press freedom as well as solutions proffered to the problems of freedom of information. Work Cited Sveiby , K. (1994, October). Information in etymology. Retrieved from http://www. sveiby. com/articles/Information. html Freedom of information. (2001, SEPMTEMBER). Retrieved from http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/governmen tcitizensandrights/yourrightsandresponsibilities/dg_4003239 Hughes. , S. (2007, May). What freedom means to me. Retrieved from http://onlinephilosophyclub. com/definition-of-freedom. php