Human Resource Management - 2051 Words

Table of content 1.0 Introduction The term human resource management (HRM) refers to the design and application of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals (Robert, L. M. John, H. J., 2002). This system includes activities undertaken to attract, develop, and maintain an effective workforce. Managers have to play an active role in recruiting and selecting the right employees, developing effective training programs, or creating appropriate performance appraisal systems. Today, more than ever, strategic decisions are related to human resource consideration. In many companies, especially those that rely more on employee information, creativity,†¦show more content†¦3.1 Finding the right people Finding the right people to fit the current situation rather than beyond their current level of job duties. Underlying the organization’s effort to attract employees is a matching model. With the matching model, the organization and the individual attempt to match the needs, interests, and value that they offer each other (James, G. M. Herbert, A. S., 1958). For example, a large manufacturer can only need those possess know-how ability, and can observe their regulations, they don’t need a high education person, as for an engineer who would thrive working for the software developer might feel stymied and unhappy working for a large manufacturer. Both the company and the employee are interested in finding a good match. 4.0 The benefits of training employees A well-trained, multiskilled workforce is essential to economic survival. Moreover many employees now look to the company they work for to provide them with growth and learning opportunities to improve their employability (Garger, E. M., 1999). Research shows that investments in human resources are a potential source of competitive advantage and have a positive relationship with share market performance and profits (Huselid, M., Jackson, S. E. Schuler, R. S., 1997). Then, let’s explore the benefits of effectiveShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compliance, com pensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). Over time Human Resource Management has taken a new role intoRead MoreHuman Resources Management And Human Resource Management2123 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The study of human resource management becomes a major topic of the science of management at the beginning of 20th century and keeps attracting researchers’ attention (Merkle, 1980). The new models of human resource management derive from the advance of management theories and the accumulation of practices and experiences. With the development of global economy, the economic situation of each country deeply affects the world and becomes closely connected. In addition, the needs of customersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1138 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resources Management Hilti continues to grasp on success and expand globally, but their path weren’t always well defined. The company began in 1941 and historically they’ve kept to traditional strategies when it came to recognizing human resource requirements. In the early 2000’s, the company established a new set initiatives, aimed at doubling revenue and operating profits. Hilti also recognized that this type of growth would require invigorating ideas to employ human resourcing requirementsRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources Management941 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management is one of the most important aspects of any organization, whether it be non-profit, not for profit, or profit. Human Resources Management is what makes it possible for a manager to be able to focus on their work and tasks at hand and not have to deal with lots of unneeded interpersonal activities. They are in charge of correctly evaluating the candidates that the managers will have to work with for the duration of the candidate’s stay. They are responsible for makingRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management835 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management â€Å"They humanize the brand and help workforce communities thrive† (Who). A human resource management position may be the job for you. Every business and enterprise has a human resource manager, including Starbucks, Disney and even Apple. This job includes planning and coordination, organization, consulting employees and to oversee the work and employees. All the schooling and stress that comes along with this occupation pays off in the end with an enjoyable job. HumanRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1398 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resource Management Overview Tanya Phillips Dr. Andrea Scott, PhD HSA 320, Strayer University October 31, 2016 Human Resources Management Overview Human resources (HR) is the different kinds of clinical and nonclinical responsibilities for public and individual health involvement. The benefits and performance the system can deliver depends upon the knowledge, skills and motivation of those responsible for providing health services. Human resource managers don’t directlyRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management2534 Words   |  11 PagesIn most cases managers look at human resource management as an expense to a company rather than a source of benefit to the company however, research has proved that human resource management practices can be of greater value. Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. Human Resource Management are in charge of different tasks including recruiting asRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management820 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management Proper Planning is one of the most important aspects of human resource management. Without proper execution of plans, the particular needs of an organization that are the responsibility of human resources will not be reached, and therefore, will fall short of what is necessary for meeting the goals of an organization (DeCenzo, Robbins Verhulst 2013).There are many facets a human resource manager must be familiar with in order to run an organization. The functions of humanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Management1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand research with my family, I decided to go into human resource management, specifically in a hospital. Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

What Makes A Successful Argument - 927 Words

What makes a successful argument? An argumentative essay is similar to any other essay. The writing process may vary, but only slightly to meet the demands of an argument. When writing a convincing argumentative essay, one must first choose a topic and then think about that chosen topic, draft a thesis statement, understand the intended audience, gather evidence, refute opposing arguments, revise the thesis statement, establish credibility, draft the essay, revise the essay, and finally polish the essay. By implementing these steps one is sure to write a convincing argument. When writing an argumentative essay, one must first choose a topic of significance, a topic that the writer has an emotional tie with. The topic is to be tapered down from the unspecific idea. Clichà © topics are to be avoided such as the death penalty and abortion rights. Before beginning the writing process, thinking about the chosen topic is essential. Invention strategies such as freewriting, brainstorming, clustering, and informal outlines are also used to gather further ideas. At this point, a topic is already chosen and a thesis statement is ready to be made. The thesis statement tells the reader what your position on the topic will be. An argumentative thesis is unlike other thesis statements. Instead of stating the topic, an argumentative essays thesis should convey the writers point. The thesis statement should be precise and to the point. It should also show the readers what position willShow MoreRelatedRealists Vs. Scientific Theory930 Words   |  4 Pagesby pointing to the increasing success of science. This requires that there be a reasonable inference from a scientific theory s success to its approximate truth. The argument that realists are trying to make is that the best explanation of a scientific theory s success is that it is true. Larry Laudan refutes the realists argument from the success of science. To do this, he characterize his opposition as Convergent Epistem ological Realism. Convergent realism is a theory about the nature andRead MoreCritique of Rhetorical Appeals in A Call for Unity Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesA Call for Unity by Carpenter et al. makes use of logos and ethos to create a persuasive and convincing argument. By using these persuasive rhetoric appeals, Carpenter et al. manage to presents themselves and other non-Negro citizens in a favorable light by suggesting that they have expressed understanding (Carpenter et al. 1) and been responsible citizens (2). Negro citizens, however, are presented as opposition determined to undermine the principles of law and order and common sense (2)Read MoreArgument Of Larry Laudan s Pessimistic Meta Induction Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages This essay examines the argument of Larry Laudan’s Pessimistic Meta Induction (PMI.) The PMI states that due to the history of unsuccessful theories, the theories we currently believe are true most likely aren’t. I argue that the Pessimistic Meta Induction is fallacious, easily proven invalid by realist logic, and inapplicable to modern science. Due to advancements in science, arguments made in the PMI are no longer applicable, and several fallacies can be seen it as well including the turnoverRead MoreThe Future Of Higher Education Depends On Innovation1573 Words   |  7 PagesInnovation† was clearly an argument for change, however, his article also aimed to start a discussion among his readers about the future and what may need to be done to ensure higher education be successful. To help create a discussion in his article, Doss interviewed Rick Beyer, a managing partner at Miles Howland Education Partners, an investment company that’s main focus is o n higher education, and discussed Beyer’s current opinions, as well as his own, on higher education and what they see higher educationRead MoreI.Introduction. Famine Is A Highly Prevalent And Debated1106 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the reasonable and well-thought Peter Singer’s argument is successful. II. Peter Singer’s Argument Peter Singer begins by laying out two basic premises: 1. Suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are bad. 2. If one can prevent something bad from happening without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, one should do it. The first premise does not depend on â€Å"any particular normative ethical theory about what goodness and badness are† (Hensley); i.e. it doesRead MoreOutliers, By Malcolm Gladwell1739 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain the why the person was able to become an outlier or why the event occurred. In his book Gladwell’s argument is that background, birthdate, culture, time period, and hard work are all important in understanding the cause of an event or the success of an individual; he argues this by providing examples, identifying patterns in data, and connecting these together using logic to present his argument to readers. He begins all of his explanations by giving an example of a person or an event and tellingRead MoreExamples Of Political News1151 Words   |  5 PagesDonald Trump becoming the President and what that meant for America. â€Å"The Ingraham Angle† is hosted by Laura Ingraham and on this particular episode she was discussing the consequences that America was facing because of the United States Diversity Visa Program that it offers. While watching these shows I focused on how the hosts uses language while speaking towards their audience, their reasoning process and how they applied it towards their advantage , and what types of evidence that they used in orderRead MoreThe Controversy of Gay Parenting Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesparenting rights claim that as long as there is a commitment to parenthood then successful parenting is achievable as a homosexual or bi-sexual. Since within a gay couple there is no chance for accidental pregnancy, the couple must make a conscious deci sion to become a parent. People opposed to homosexual parenting argue that homosexual couples are not capable of having long enduring strong relationships required for the successful upbringing of children. They claim it is in the childs best interest toRead Morevicki hearne vs peter singer comparison essay782 Words   |  4 PagesMoral Status†, might indicate Hearne’s argument is stronger due to her strategic and effective use of emotional appeals (i.e. pathos). These appeals allow Hearne to connect quickly and easily with her audience. Hearne is also quite clever in terms of stressing her occupation as an animal trainer. However, after a swift comparison of the two articles, it is evident that Singer’s â€Å"Speciesism and Moral Status† offers readers a stronger and more valid argument. Both Singer and Hearne are arguing theirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Why Hominids And Space Go Together Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pages Manned spaceflight is a cr ucial argument in society. Two writers, Seth Shostak and John Logsdon, both believe that America is making a mistake by ending manned space exploration. Seth Shostak is the author of the article â€Å"Why Hominids and Space Go Together† in The New York Times Room for Debate; his article is about how President Obama’s new vision for the NASA program is not a good plan. John Logsdon also wrote an article for The New York Times Room for Debate called â€Å"American Patrimony.† His article

Legallization of Marijuana anti Essay Example For Students

Legallization of Marijuana anti Essay Drug use is becoming more common today than in recent years. Almost anywhere we look, we can find some relation to drugs or drug paraphernalia. In fact, 63% of you stated in my survey that you had smoked marijuana in the past. That number is scary, since 81% of you are under 25 years of age and have your whole lives ahead of you. Some of you may be thinking So What Bill Clinton has admitted smoking marijuana, and he is President. Well, that surely is not a good attitude to have considering the damage that marijuana may cause to your body. Sure, many of you may not change your lifestyle after today, but I hope to make you think of what you may be getting yourself in to. This afternoon I will give you both sides of the issue. I will try to persuade you to stay away from marijuana in turning you against this dangerous drug. Many supporters of marijuana claim that hemp can be a very resourceful plant. Hemp is considered to contain less than one percent tetrahydrocannabinols (THC) (Pluff 1). THC is the psychoactive chemical found in marijuana. Hemp can be confused with marijuana and considered the same, but do not let this fool you. Marijuana comes from the flowers or buds of the hemp plant. These buds are what contains the THC and gives the user the high effect (Pluff 1). Other nations such as Europe have registered varieties of hemp seeds that contain less than .03 percent of THC including the buds (Pluff 1). Now that you know what hemp is, lets look at its uses. Hemp fiber can be turned in to rope, canvas, and paper, and this is only a few of the uses. The rope that is made with hemp is said to be resistant to both fresh water and salt water. It is also considered better than most conventional rope by its strength and holding power. Another product that can be made from hemp is canvas. This canvas is very useful in making tents, sails, and even the covers on early settlers wagons. Like the rope, the canvas also stands up well against water, and ninety percent of ships sails were made of hemp canvas before the nineteenth century. The last product I am going to talk about is hemp paper. This paper is much softer than conventional paper, and it is stated that, one acre of hemp can replace four acres of forest (Pluff 2). This paper also does not yellow or crumble with age, a common complaint with conventional paper (Pluff 1). You may be wondering why such a useful plant is illegal, well let me tell you the other side of the story. Marijuana is said to be useful in the medical field as a cure for some disease. It is also an argument that smoking marijuana does not cause any side affects. I will prove this to be untrue, and a myth of society. The first claim by the supporters of marijuana is for medical reasons. Through much research doctors have found that marijuana may be a treatment for such illnesses as glaucoma, cancer, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In fact, Proposition 215 just passed in California and Arizona giving citizens the right to smoke marijuana for medical reasons (Medical 1). One thing that is overlooked with this is that marijuana is not a cure, but a relief from the pain suffered by these citizens. If it is a relief from pain the sufferer is looking for, there are many other options to consider before choosing something as dangerous as marijuana. It only takes a little common sense to figure that something that is considered illegal by the Federal Government could not be used as a cure for any illness. Wisconsin lists marijuana under Schedule I of the Uniformed Controlled Substance Act. This means that any drugs under Schedule I, including marijuana, are not useful in curing any known illness. Schedule I is also where all the most serious drugs are listed. This puts marijuana in the same class with heroin and cocaine. Another problem with marijuana is the affects on the male and female body. One way frequent marijuana use affects males is by Gynecomastia. Gynecomastia is the enlargement of the male breast tissue (Jones 51). This disease is not well known to the general public. This may be because males who get the disease usually keep the symptoms to themselves and not risk embarrassment. The next problem with males and marijuana is the reduction of their sperm count. Sperm counts in males were measured, and after a month of heavy smoking the sperm count was reduced by as much as 70 percent (Jones 62). Along with the reduction of the sperm count, the male has a reduction of testosterone. Testosterone is the principal male hormone and responsible for the growth of the male reproductive system. This drop in the sperm count and reduction of testosterone may not see m too important now but like I mentioned before, 81 percent of you are under age 25 and this may affect your lives dramatically in the future. Marijuana affects females by disrupting nerve pathways in the brain which may lead to infertility. A study done on monkeys at the University of California at Davis, showed that when the female monkeys were given increased amounts of THC they were more likely to neglect their offspring (Jones 71). A problem with marijuana use by pregnant females is the possibility that the baby may me born with deformities or even stillborn (Jones 72). Females have also shown an increase in testosterone levels which is the opposite of the male user. An affect that takes no side in users of marijuana is short term memory loss. (Ray 435). In everyday use, the marijuana user has a hard time recalling information that they may have just learned minutes before. The frequent user may also experience loss in time sense. With this the marijuana user feels that more ti me has passed than actually has elapsed. The final thing usually affected is tracking behavior. This may lead to crashing a motor vehicle because the impaired driver could not keep their attention on the road in which they were driving. .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b , .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .postImageUrl , .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b , .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b:hover , .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b:visited , .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b:active { border:0!important; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b:active , .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufda649d45e836241998762651b45236b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Book report boundaries EssayTo sum it all up, marijuana use is increasing among individuals. Almost everywhere we look there is support for this drug. This does not make sense in a society that is hung up on looking good and living a full life. Everyday we are making improvements to our society and making America a better place to live. I feel that with the legalization of marijuana we will begin to take a step backwards. One can only wonder, if marijuana was legalized what would drug supporters pick next. And remember that when the commercial says This buds is for you do not believe them, just say no! Jones, and Lovinger, Paul W. The Marijuana Question. New York: Dodd, Me ad ; Company, 1985. Levin, Peter A. Contemporary Problems of Drug Abuse. Massachusetts: Publishing Sciences Medical Marijuana Initiative Proposition 215 home page. Intro. to Medical Marijuana Prop. 215Nowlis, Helen. Drugs demystified. Paris: The Unesco Press, 1975. Ray, Oakly Stern. Drugs, Society, ; Human Behavior. Missouri: Mosby, 1983. Bibliography:Works CitedJones, and Lovinger, Paul W. The Marijuana Question. New York: Dodd, Mead ; Company, 1985. Levin, Peter A. Contemporary Problems of Drug Abuse. Massachusetts: Publishing Sciences Group, Inc,1974Medical Marijuana Initiative Proposition 215 home page. Intro. to Medical Marijuana Prop. 215 http://www.prop215.orgNowlis, Helen. Drugs demystified. Paris: The Unesco Press, 1975. Ray, Oakly Stern. Drugs, Society, ; Human Behavior. Missouri: Mosby, 1983.

Sport Is Greatest School Of Vanity Essays - Chess, Outline Of Chess

Sport Is Greatest School Of Vanity Sport Is The Greatest School Of Vanity It is two oclock on Saturday the 22 February 2000. It is the day of the annual Hilton VS Michael House rugby game. In the stands, five hundred schoolboys eagerly await the arrival of the fifteen so-called Gods dressed in the black and white to come racing onto the field. As the Titans take the field all five Hundred of them jump up and praise them in one euphoric roar. The out come of the game is eight to five in Hiltons favor. They all run on and form a circle around the fifteen victorious Gladiators and as they sing O boys the spirit and not to mention the egos are raised to an all time high. It is three oclock on Saturday the 12 November. It is the Natal Witness inter-schools chess championship and Hilton College has made it to the finals. The best players from either side are competing for one of the most prestigious chess titles in South Africa. In the stands, nobody, as usual. The pressure is getting to both of the boys, but in the end Hilton pulls through with a tight win. The boys get into the bus and go back to school. Monday morning comes and the whole school is bowing down to the almighty fifteen who by this stage are over flowing with arrogance and contemptuous pride. The praise that they receive is almost overwhelming. Monday morning comes and no one even says good morning to the members of the chess team. The praise that they receive for their good effort is non-existent. This is the case in many schools all over the world where students are praised for their performance on the sports fields and not in the classroom. The question one has to ask him or her is what are students actually sent to school for is it to succeed on the sports field or is it to achieve in the classroom. Many say that it should be a careful and equal balance between the two, yet very often it leans too much in favor of sport. This is when schools start getting the attitude that sport comes first and work comes second. Average students that are good at sport are given scholarships instead of the knowledge hungry hard workers who want to succeed in life not sport. People that achieve in academics or another non-sporting activity are made to feel stupid and are considered an outsider or a Geek by the other students. This is not right and must be stopped. In closing I would like to say something to all of those who this essay may concern. Very few of you will get through life by scoring tries. Truly great men will succeed in life by score knowledge. Creative Writing

Never Underestimate Chekhovs Gun

Never Underestimate Chekhovs Gun Known as one of the greatest short story writers in history, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Russian physician, playwright and short-story writer once wrote in a letter to a friend, Medicine is my lawful wife and literature is my mistress. Also among his letters is the principle now referred to as Chekhovs gun- a writing concept he brought up multiple times throughout his extensive correspondence.This version of it is noted in Bill Valentines Chekhov: The Silent Voice of Freedom:Remove everything that has no relevance to the story. If you say in the first chapter that there is a rifle hanging on the wall, in the second or third chapter it absolutely must go off. If its not going to be fired, it shouldnt be hanging there.Chekhov: The Silent Voice of FreedomIn a letter to Aleksandr Semenovich Lazarev (pseudonym of A. S. Gruzinsky) written on November 1, 1889, Chekhov wrote, One must never place a loaded rifle on the stage if it isnt going to go off. Its wrong to make promises you dont mean to keep.So, what is Chekovs gun?Chekovs gun is the concept that a writers focus on objects, details or locations should have future significance in the story. This doesnt mean that every single object needs to have significance, however. It just means that if you point it out and encourage your readers mind to dwell on it, there should be a reason for doing so. Now Novel explains it like this:The lesson behind Chekhovs gun is that your story should be cohesive. Each part should contribute to the whole in a way that makes sense. It does not mean that every single plot point of your story must be hugely significant. Some story elements function to create mood or describe the setting. Yet each part of your story should correspond to the whole in at least a tangential way.Nownovel.comFor example, if your character has a limp, there should be a backstory that is significant for character building. Dont simply give him a limp and not explain to your reader why he has it. Another example wou ld be focusing on and describing a characters vivid dreams. Unless something significant will happen in one of those dreams that affects the characters choices further in the plot, or unless youre using it to foreshadow a future event, dont focus your writing on the dreams.Unless your characters vivid dreams play a role in the plot, dont focus on describing them. Photo by Johannes Plenio on Unsplash.Does it mean that every single detail needs to be significant?Chekov wasnt saying that every detail you include needs to be significant to the storyline. There are obviously times when youll describe a location with details that create setting and mood, or write characters who engage in small talk that isnt some great plot twist.Heres an example:Lets say youre writing a scene in which a character smokes a pipe. That pipe could simply be part of your choice in characterization and doesnt necessarily need to hold any special significance beyond that. However, if you focus your writing on t he details of that pipe, or use an entire page or more to describe how your character languidly smokes it, that pipe should be significant to the story. It should hold special significance in your characters past or future.Another example is if two of your characters are leaning in for a passionate kiss and interrupted by a loud alarm that goes off nearby, youve allowed that alarm to affect the plot. In doing so, you need to provide further explanation at some point before the end as to why youve done this. Is the alarm perhaps a metaphor warning the character that the kiss would lead to a toxic relationship? Did something happen down the street that would later affect the characters in some significant way beyond interrupting a romantic moment?Chekovs gun on televisionFans of the hit ABC show Lost, which first aired on September 22, 2004, understand firsthand how important Chekovs gun is, whether on page, stage, or screen. After the final episode, which aired on May 23, 2010, many fans experienced feelings ranging from disappointment to disbelief to outright anger. For six years, they had been taken on a wild, engrossing science fiction journey involving time travel, parallel universes, ancient civilizations, and scientific experiments, only to be left at the end with multiple questions still unanswered. Much of this confusion had to do with the shows writers offering up lots of seemingly significant objects, characters, and events- only to leave those elements unexplained by the end.For example, this reviewer on Den of Geek writes:My main fear was that the writers themselves never knew [what was going on], and had been content to roll along, episode to episode, season to season, chucking out twists hither and thither without any creative masterplan to guide them. I could imagine the scene in the writers room: Hey, this new twistll be cool. It makes absolutely no sense whatsoever, and I dont know how well write ourselves out of it, but people will be surprise d, and thats the main thing, isnt it? If viewers start to question how ridiculous it is, well just come up with something even more messed up and unbelievable to distract them from the first thing, and then repeat that formula until we get cancelled, or we all just decide to violently murder each other using ball-point pens.Den of GeekThis review is a good example of why readers are frustrated when authors point to seemingly significant things that turn out to be not so important after all. When audiences invest their time, energy, and emotions into a work- whether that be a book, TV series, movie, or play- they dont what to feel like their time is wasted. So, if youre going to have a gun in the first act, make sure its shot by the end of the third act. Otherwise, dont point out the gun at all.A screenshot of Mr. Echo and the smoke monster from Lost, a show often faulted for not following the rules of Chekovs Gun.When Chekovs gun is actually a Red HerringMystery, thriller, and crime novelists use a device known as a Red Herring to throw the reader off track for a greater surprise effect when the big reveal occurs. According to LiteraryDevices.net, a good example of a Red Herring in a popular work is the character of Bishop Aringarosa in Dan Browns novel Da Vinci Code:Bishop Aringarosa serves as an example of a red herring throughout the novel. The character is presented in such a way that the readers suspect him to be the mastermind of the whole conspiracy in the church.Later, it is revealed that he is innocent. This example of a red herring in the novel distracts the readers from who the real bad guy is, and thus adds to the mystery of the story. Interestingly, the Italian surname of the bishop Aringarosa translates in English as red herring.LiteraryDevices.netThe differences between foreshadowing and Chekovs gunLets go back to Chekhovs gun and re-examine what he said about it. Basically, if you mention a gun in chapter one, by the end of the novel, that gun needs to be shot. With this explanation in mind, you might recognize another often-used literary device that has a similar idea- foreshadowing.Foreshadowing, on the other hand, is a literary device that involves using words, phrases, objects, or characters to hint to the reader about what will happen later in the story. However, the important thing to note about foreshadowing is it is only a small hint- barely perceptible so as not to give away too much of the storyline. Chekovs gun is drawing attention to something in a more obvious way. So, the difference lies in the degree to which you emphasize the object, person, or ability.Essentially, think of Chekovs gun as a promise between you (the writer) and your readers that this thing youre mentioning will have significance at some point in the story. Its a pledge.Foreshadowing is a hint, and perhaps one that is so subtle that your reader wont notice it until the final reveal happens and all the plot twists have taken place.Tips for wr iters to apply Chekovs gun to your own writingIf youve been adequately convinced that Chekovs gun makes sense, here are a few tips to apply this same principle to your own writing.Create a scene list, containing each scenes plot points, character goals, action to advance the plot, and action to increase the tension. This article on 8 ways to create a scene list is a great resource that details the exact steps to take to make a scene list happen. Having a scene list will help you determine if there are unnecessary elements that were included in one chapter and dont return in future chapters as significant plot points.Read through your draft of each chapter and make sure that any focus youve given to objects, characters, or traits is fleshed out in future chapters.Above all, keep the unspoken promise to your reader that in exchange for their time and emotions, you wont lead them down a dead-end path in any part of your storytelling.

SAT Analogies and Comparisons Why Were They Removed, and What Replaced Them

SAT Analogies and Comparisons Why Were They Removed, and What Replaced Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In 2005, major changes made to the question types in the reading and math sections of the SAT. Two types of comparison questions - quantitative comparison questions from math, and analogies from reading - were booted from the SAT. In this article I’ll give you the rundown on what these questions were like, how the SAT replaced them, and how questions have evolved even further on the 2016 version of the test. What Were SAT Quantitative Comparison Questions? Quatitative comparison questions used to be a considerable part of the math section (25 percent of questions).Instead of asking you to solve for a value, these questions asked you to determine which of two quantities was larger. Here’s an example: x and y are positive integers. 3x + 6y = 180,252 Column A Column B The maximum possible value of x The maximum possible value of y A. The quantity in Column A is greater.B. The quantity in Column B is greater.C. The two quantities are equal.D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given. (the answer is A) Why Were Quantitative Comparison Questions Removed? These questions were removed from the SAT in 2005. They were deemed to besomewhat irrelevant to core math skills and a bit too confusing.QC questions were also more reading-based - they were the only math questions that didn’t have symbolic or numerical answers.Ironically, removing them was a move towards making the math section MORE quantitative (that is, purely number or variable quantity-based rather than logical reasoning-based). The SAT was hoping to disentangle itself from its long-standing reputation as a "tricky" standardized test.Quantitative reasoning questions came across more as riddles than math questions because they don't ask you to find a numerical solution or use a well-outlined mathematical skill set. Which Questions Replaced Quantitative Comparison Questions? The 2005-2015 SAT: New algebra II-related topics were added to the math section to replace quantitative comparison questions.These included: exponential growth, manipulation of fractional and negative exponents, functional notation, absolute value, equations of lines, and data interpretation. Quantitative comparison questions were replaced with questions that specifically targeted areas of math that students were familiar with from algebra and geometry classes and could be used to demonstrate a strong understanding of core math principles. The Current (2016) SAT: Not too much has changedfrom the previous version, but a few more math topics have been added.These include: basic trigonometry, more data interpretation, questions that invoke real life scenarios, and more in-depth questions involving algebra and solving equations. The latest version of the SAT wants to make sure students have a solid understanding of foundational math concepts AND can apply those concepts in real life. Here's an example of a math question that might appear on the current SAT: This question asks you to use your mathematical skills to analyze a real data set. The ability to answer quesitons like this more accurately reflects career and college preparedness than performance on quantitative comparison questions, which were totally disconnected from real life scenarios. What Were SAT Analogy Questions? These were the original stereotypical SAT questions.You were given a pair of words and asked to choose from five other pairs of words to find the relationship that most closely resembled that of the first pair. In the following example, you can interpret the dots as the words â€Å"is to† so you would think of it as â€Å"Paltry is to significance as _______ is to _________.† where the blanks are the two words in one of the answer choices. PALTRY : SIGNIFICANCE :: A. redundant : discussionB. austere : landscapeC. opulent : wealthD. oblique : familiarityE. banal : originality (the correct answer is E) An interpretation of this painting with all the words from the wrong answers: "I'm sick of these redundant discussions in this austere landscape on subjects with which I only have a very oblique familiarity. Let's go rob a bank and buy an opulent mansion with our newfound wealth." Why Were SAT Analogy Questions Removed? Analogy questions were removed in 2005 when the verbal reasoning section of the SAT was renamed "critical reading".These questions were criticized for being irrelevant to success in a college or work environment. Analogy questions gave the SAT its reputation for using â€Å"tricky† question formats and being a puzzle rather than a straightforward assessment. They were also criticized for being biased towards certain socioeconomic groups.This question in particular was called out by the National Center for Fair Open Testing for providing a clear advantage to coastal elites: RUNNER: MARATHON :: A) envoy: embassyB) martyr: massacreC) oarsman: regattaD) referee: tournamentE) horse: stable The answer was C, but unless you own at least one pair of salmon-colored shorts you probably don't have more than a vague idea of the relationship between those terms. It was also argued that analogies could be coached (giving more advantage to kids who can afford tutors) and used vocabulary that was too unorthodox for most students to know.On an analogy question, you can’t rely on context if you don’t know the meaning of a word. You’re basically stuck with guessing.Try comparing apples to oranges when you don’t know what an orange is or you think you have a vague idea that it might also be some kind of food. It’s...fruitless. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Which Questions Replaced Analogy Questions? The 2005-2015 SAT: Sentence completion questionswere the closest analogue (sorry, the wordplay is getting out of hand) to analogy questions on the 2005-2015 version of the SAT. Though they were also on the SAT prior to 2005, after the removal of analogy questions they became the only real vocab-centric questions in the Critical Reading section. These questions called for skills inidentifying vocabulary in the context of a sentence.You were given a sentence with one or two blanks and asked to choose the best vocabulary word to fill in the blank(s). Here’s an example about Jones, who you find out was actually a ghost the whole time at the end of the SAT: ____ by nature, Jones spoke very little even to his own family members. A. garrulousB. equivocalC. taciturnD. arrogantE. gregarious (the answer is C) You can see how these questions might still present a problem if you don’t have an advanced vocabulary, but they did give you a little more to work with if you weren't sure of the exact definitions of the words. The Current SAT: On the current SAT, sentence completion questions are replaced with vocabulary in context questions.Thesequestions are similar to reading questions found on the ACT. You are asked to pick out the closest synonym for a vocabulary word that appears in a passage. Here’s an example: ...The coming decades will likely see more intense clustering of jobs, innovation, and productivity in a smaller number of bigger cities and city-regions. Some regions could end up bloated beyond the capacity of their infrastructure, while others struggle, their promise stymied by inadequate human or other resources. As used in line 55, â€Å"intense† most nearly means A) emotional.B) concentrated.C) brilliant.D) determined.(the answer is B) The goal of these questions is to encourage students to understand the nuances in meaning of more common words rather than overwhelming them with a bunch of archaic vocabulary.The best way to study for these types of questions is to focus on honing your passage reading skills.The ability to read and interpret the meanings of passages correctly is key on the current version of the SAT because all questions in the reading section are passage-based. Conclusion Essentially, the SAT removed these old types of questions to reduce criticisms about inequality. The test continuously finds itself under fire for the direct proportionality of family income to test scores, and it has made numerous efforts over the years to reinvent itself to combat this problem. In a decade, we may see yet another re-imagining of the SAT to tackle these issues in a different way. What's Next? It's not just the SAT Math section that asks you to read charts and graphs. The Reading and Writing sections have data interpretation questions as well. Learn more about the best ways to solve them. You should also check out this guide to figure out when you should take the SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Direct Digital and Database Marketing Coursework

Direct Digital and Database Marketing - Coursework Example Many firms are doing their business in this category. Personal relationships with customers are very important to build satisfaction (Crosby, & Stephens, 1987). Relationship marketing is an old concept but gained a significant place in the field of marketing. The momentum of its development evolves from the development of services marketing with a focus on quality perspective followed by technological advancements. Traditional merchants did not know the concept of relationship marketing. The emergence of this concept was slower until it was observed that customers should be the focal point of the organization, and they must be considered important even after the purchase is done. Today relationship marketing is considered as a prominent practice for marketing and research purpose. The traditional concept of implementing marketing concept is the process of applying the marketing mix (4 P’s). Although it is universally accepted and implemented, still the model is limited and restricted. According to research conducted in Europe in the domain of service marketing, forms the loopholes in the traditional way, and identify a new definition of marketing. According to the study marketing is not something that what customers want from the company, it is creating value for them. It is the establishment and delivering the long-term customer relationship with customers. This market-oriented approach is less towards specialization and more towards management responsibilities (Grà ¶nroos, 1990). The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is a charity organization for saving lives at sea. RNLI provides a 24-hour lifeboat and rescue service throughout United Kingdom and Ireland. RNLI is committed to saving lives through their valuable safety measure, lifeguards and most importantly lifeboats (RNLI, 2014a). Since its inception in 1824, the institute has saved more than 140,000 lives as the national institution for the preservation. In 1854,

Aviation Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aviation Security - Essay Example Besides screening the passengers and the carry-on baggage, the screening of checked baggage is also carried out. The motive behind the checked baggage screening is to detect the presence of bombs. No one can deny the possibility of terrorism onboard and it is imperative that proper security measures be taken. Such screening procedures are the primary sources of detecting any threat before hand and ensuring security of both the passengers as well as the aviation staff. Both the metal detector and the X-ray machine were found to be only as effective as the individuals operating them. It was discovered that the large volume of passengers going through the screening process produced the "assembly line" syndrome, causing security personnel to become much less vigilant. This coupled with terrorists' success in disguising weapons by dismantling them and distributing them among themselves, made it all too easy to circumvent this security measure. The biggest challenge is to prevent the civil aircraft from becoming a weapon of destruction. Until the September 11 attacks, the airport terminal was viewed as the first line of protection for commercial aviation against the most dangerous types of terrorist action. Based on available evidence, it is unknown whether the September 11 assailants used devious means to avoid detection of what they were carrying through pre-board screening or whether they had any "inside" help, but it is clear that under the then governmental rules and operation procedures they could have legally boarded the aircraft with the implements that they eventually used as weapons. In the wake of September 11, remedial attention focused on the carry-on screening system. There was an attempt to provide a tighter definitional mesh to screen-out potential "dual-use" utensils that could be used as weapons from being introduced into the passenger cabin. There was also a growing realization that the system was not working effectively to begin with. The more the public learned about the system the less they wanted to fly. The more the private companies lobbied to keep their markets, the more irresponsible they seemed. The more it became apparent that the governmental department with the mission to oversee this system had utterly failed, the more giving the actual operation of the screening to the same governmental department became a litmus test for security correctness. In words of Hiltzik, 2001, on September 11, "The system worked the way it was intended.... For three decades, it has been preoccupied with looking for guns and explosives rather than for dangerous people. That ... was its vulnerability. The terrorists did not breach the nation's airline security system, they slipped through its loopholes." (Hiltzik, 2001) Thus, a second type of screening has found renewed attention: scrutiny of passenger bona fides and greater focus on those with suspicious backgrounds. It is just common sense that people boarding an aircraft, and thereby gaining access to a vulnerable part of the national transportation infrastructure, should meet certain

A Good Teacher Essay Example for Free

A Good Teacher Essay Plants are shaped by cultivation and men by education. We are born weak, we need strength; we are born totally unprovided, we need aid; we are born stupid, we need judgement. Everything we do not have at our birth and which we need when we are grown is given to us by education. (Jean Jacques Rousseau) It can be seen that education is one of the most important factor of our life. It is the tool that shapes us intellectually, socially, emotionally and personally. The kind of education that we receive depends highly on the educators that we encounter. A positive or negative encounter can impact our entire life. Therefore, if it is intended for today’s students to be responsible citizens of tomorrow’s society, then all teachers should emulate the roles of a â€Å"good teacher†. A good teacher is one who is knowledgeable of learners and their development, knowledgeable of subject matter and curriculum goals, creates a good learning environment and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It can be noted that from the interview conducted, Teacher X exemplifies most of the features of a â€Å"good teacher† and is therefore considered as one. Before entering in a classroom, a â€Å"good teacher† should be highly knowledgeable of the subject area they will be teaching and have a clear understanding of how to organize the curriculum in order to meet the need of the students and the objectives of the school. The interview highlighted that Teacher X is one of the chief writers of the curriculum for the examination body of her institution. It will be ones belief that a personnel would not have been bestowed such privilege if she was not competent in her subject area. She also outlined that her learning objectives are based on the knowledge, ability and skill of the students. This further exemplifies her since Darlington-Hammond and Baratz-Snowden (2005) states that based on the learning needs of their students, teachers must make a wide variety of curriculum decisions, ranging from the evaluation and selection of materials to the design and sequencing of tasks, assignments and activities to the assessment of learning to guide further teaching. The development of the curriculum in light of the students’ interest fosters intrinsic motivation and stimulates the students’ passion for learning a specific subject area. If given the opportunity for input, students’ will generate ideas and set goals that even the teacher had not thought of. At this point teachers should embrace the fact that they do not know everything and should be willing to learn from their students’ in the process. A â€Å"good teacher† must take the time to know her students. Know not only their names or facial representations, but their readiness level, learning styles and interest. Students are all individuals who learn at different rates and in different ways. Tomlinson (2001) outlines that students learn better if tasks are a close match for their skills and understanding of a topic (readiness), if tasks ignite curiosity or passion in a student (interest) and if the assignment encourages students to work in a preferred manner (learning style). The classrooms of our society can be extremely diverse, so teachers must be able to differentiate intrsuctions to meet the individual needs of each student.

The Impractical Philosophies of Self-reliance and Civil Disobedience Es

The Impractical Philosophies of Self-reliance and Civil Disobedience The philosophies of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson would work well in a society comprised only of highly intellectual, healthy individuals who were willing put forth the effort needed to thoroughly examine themselves and formulate their own opinions about every issue pertaining to them. Emerson said that all members of society should think for themselves and formulate their own opinions rather than conforming to a popular belief. Thoreau said that the best government was no government, and that people should always do what was just. A society that functioned under the ideals of Emerson and Thoreau would have no problems. No money would be needed, because all members of society would do what was right and help each other out. A farmer would give away his grain and in return would receive everything he needed from other members of society. No crimes would be committed because people would think through what they were about to do and realize that a better option existed. Re alistically, such a society is not possible because humans constantly make mistakes, and since these ideals rest on the notion that all members of society will adhere to them, the philosophies are not practical. Because humans could never fully adhere to them, the philosophies of Emerson and Thoreau will never be adopted in society. The philosophy of Thoreau hinges on the acceptance and truth of the philosophy of Emerson, and the philosophy of Emerson is ruined if the philosophy of Thoreau cannot be followed. Emerson preached that all men should trust their own hearts, and that what they thought was good and true. "To believe your own thought, to believe that ... ...s as the checks and balances for human neglect. People have two distinct natural tendencies. At heart, they tend to be good, but in action they tend to be bad. People know the difference between right and wrong, but usually do not act on this knowledge. They tend to act too quickly, to give in to their desire for more money and more power, thinking that these will bring them happiness. People usually fail to understand that true happiness lies in doing the right thing. Self-reliance and civil disobedience go hand in hand. If all people are self-reliant, then they can function with no government at all. But if one man is not self-reliant and acts against his good nature, government is needed and thus self-reliance cannot fully function. In a perfect society, these ideals would work wonders. In flawed society they will accomplish nothing.

Famous Women of Uttarakhand Essay

Bachendri Pal the archetypical Amerind women to climb Ascension Everest, Bachendri Pal belonged to a stock of rattling temperate effectuation. She was calved in twelvemonth 1954 in a Nakuri village in Garhwal. Bachendri was an nimble nipper and did fit in her civilize, she excelled in sports too. Her freshman danger to climb was at the age of 12, when during a vacation she along with several schoolmates climbed a top of alt 4,000mts. She complete her exercise, decent the low woman of her settlement to do so. She also secured the best office in a rifle propulsion circumstance during quantification. Her lineage was application business troubles and she desirable a job desperately. She shared with her parents her want to get a pro mountaineer. The association was â€Å"devastated,† as for them, her relatives and localised group, the most suited job for a negroid was teaching, not mount.She connected the Solon Make of Climb (NIM). She was declared the superior intellectual and was thoughtful as â€Å"Everest material†. In 1982, spell at NIM, she climbed Gangotri I (21,900 ft) and Rudugaria (19,091 ft). Around that quantify, she got engagement as an educator at the National Adventure Substructure. Bachendri was chosen as one of the members of the selected grouping of six Asian women and team men who were privileged to activity an raise to the Move Everest in 1984. After an accident spell rise the Mt. Everest, members of the squad go disabled. Despite an loss Everest. She remained on the summit for nigh 43 proceedings and became the foremost Soldier nipponese to measure the Organise Everest, and the fifth female in the man. In 1985, she led an Indo-Nepalese Everest Campaign group comprising of only women. The expedition created heptad grouping records and set benchmarks for Asian mountaineering. In 1994, she led an all women aggroup of rafters. The aggroup coursed finished the actress of the river River, cover 2,500 km from Haridwar to City. Bachendri Pal says† adventure sports same trekking and mountaineering toughens a organism, both mentally and physically†. Summing up her mount campaign, Bachendri Pal, the freshman Amerindian friend and ordinal in the domain to uprise Layer Everest, says: â€Å"Mountains pirate you to raft with vituperative situations. They move punish and activity qualities, humanity, courageousness, ego accept and certainty, too transfer one in contact with group from assorted areas and disparate cultures.† Bachendri Pal belonged to a family of very moderate means. She was born on 24 May 1954 in a village named Nakuri in Uttarakashi District of Garhwal. In 1982, Hari.K.Govind hill at NIM, she climbed Gangotri(21,900 ft) and Rudugaria (19,091 ft). In that time, she got employment as an instructor at the National Adventure Foundation(NAF), which had set up an adventure school for training women to learn mountaineering. Icchagiri Mai alias Tinchari Mai Ichhagiri Mai alias Tinchari Mai (1912-92) â€Å"Comissioner, send me to prison; I have burnt the liquor shop down. And I won’t stop with this one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The woman avenger – against liquor in Pauri Garhwal in 70-80s. Government earns considerable revenue by licensing country liquor shops in the hills. For men it is a cheap way of escapism. Finally it is women who have to pay the price in terms of violence, abuse and no money to run the household. Tinchari Mai was an illetrate sanyasini (nun). Gaura Devi (1925-91) Forest is like our mother’s home. We will defend it – come what may.† After Gandhi’s Satyagrah, this housewife, born in Lata village in Chamoli, gave he next weapon, in the fight against state oppression – Chipko movement. Women’s natural environment, which provides, fuel, fodder & water is under tremendous stress. Chipko literally means to hug a tree and die with it, if need be ! A long series of forest movements over last two centuries in Himalayas have been an assertion of usufructuous rights of the community to the forest. The State has tried to curtail it ever since the Raj days. The battle is on.. Devika Devika Chauhan was the first girl to graduate from Jaunsar hills in 1954. She, again was the first woman to become a Block Development Officer in the entire state of Uttar Pradesh. She later rose to the level of Asst. Director – tribal welfare. Played an important part in the survey of tribal communities in the UP hills and securing privileges from Government for them. Retired but comitted to women’s cause, She is still working with voluntary agencies in Jaunsar Bawar. Currently lives in Dehradun with a number of children. Her Biography Seven Sisters Bhagirathi Seven Sisters adventure club represents a new breed of Garhwali women. Bachhendri Pal of this club, climbed Everest in 1984. Nine years later, she led an all women team to the same peak successfully. Women in the hills have always climbed steep cliffs and trees in search of fodder; Only now, they are proving, that they are no less than men, where technical skills and physical stamina are of vital importance. Radha Behn (Radha Bhatt) Filed in : Social Activist Born on 16 October 1934 in village Dhuraka, Almora, Radha Behn has made exemplary contribution in the fields of women’s education and employment. She quit formal education after her intermediate in 1951, and joined Sarla Behn at her Laxmi Ashram in Kausani, to undertake social work. From 1957 to 1961 she was active in Bhoodan Yatra and toured various regions of Uttarakhand. She took active part in movements against mining, alcoholism and deforestation. For her contributions to social empowerment she was honored with Jamnalal Bajaj Award in 1992. She has authored several books and articles. Gaura Pant ‘Shivani’ Filed in : Art, Literature, Writer Gaura Pant (Shivani) holds a prominent place amongst the women writers of Uttarakhand. She was born on 17th October, 1923 in Rajkot, Gujarat to a Kumouni family. After her early education in Almora she was sent to Allahabad for higher education, and then she went to Shantiniketan where she had the fortune of academic enrichment under the tutelage of Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore. Right from her childhood she had a flair for writing. Embedded in the folk culture of Kumaon she conveyed the yearning if common man and woman in and their inter-relationship in her writings. In 1935, Shivani’s first story was published in the Hindi Children’s magazine ‘Natkhat’, at age twelve. She wrote 30 novels, 13 short story collections and 8 volumes of memoir. Among her well known works are Vish Kanya, Kainza, Chaudah Phere and Bhairavi. In recognition of her contribution to Hindi literature she was given several awards and honours including Bhartendu Harishchandra Samman (1979); Padmashri (1981); Mahadevi Verma Samman (1994); Subramannyam Samman (1995) and Hindi Sewa Nidhi Rashtriya Puruskar (1997). She died in March 2003 in Lucknow. Sheila Irene Pant Filed in : Academician, Intellect Sheila Irene Pant (Begum Ra’ana Liaquat Ali Khan) was born in year 1905 in Almora, Uttarakhand (then United Provinces of Agra and Oudh). She obtained a first class Masters degree with honors in economics from the University of Lucknow in 1929. Begum Ra’ana began her career as a teacher in the Gokhale Memorial School and was later appointed as Professor of Economics in the Indraprstha Girl College, Delhi. In April 1933, she was married to Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan. She then played a prominent role in the social and political life of Pakistan. After the reorganization of Muslim League, Begum Ra’ana devoted herself to the task of creating political consciousness amongst the Muslim women. Her struggle for emancipation continued till the creation of Pakistan for Muslims of India in 1947. Liaquat Ali Khan was assassinated in 1951. Begum R’ana continued her services for the social and economic uplift of women of Pakistan till her death in 1990. Begum Ra’ana served as Pakistan’s ambassador to the Netherlands in the 1950s and as ambassador to Italy in the 1960s. She was the first woman Governor of Sindh province in the mid-1970s and the first Muslim woman delegate to the UN who also won the United Nations Human Rights Award. Himani Shivpuri Filed in : Art, Cinema, Theatre The renowned theatre artist and film star Himani Shivpuri was born on 24th October 1957. She grew up in Dehradun where her father Hari Dutt Bhatt ‘Shailesh’ was a Hindi teacher and house master in the Doon School. Her ancestral village is Bhatwani in Chamoli district. After her schooling she did her M.Sc. in Organic Chemistry and an acting course in 1984 at NSD. She was always passionate about acting. She got married to actor Gyan Shivpuri, who died in 1995. She acted in plays like Mitro Marzani, Azar ka Khwab, Surya Ki Antim Kiran se Pehli Kiran Tak, Othello, The Cherry Orchard, Silence The Court Is In Session, Yayati, and Antigone. After performing several plays on the state she moved to television serials and then to the films and achieved phenomenal success. Shivpuri made her film debut in 1984 with Ab Ayega Mazaa. She worked in popular films like Hum Aapke Hai Kaun, Hero No.1, Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Pardes, Kabi Khushi Kabhi Gham, Koyala and Umrao Jaan. She also worked in TV Serials namely, Hamrahi, Hasratein, Ek Kahani, Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi, and Kasauti Zindagi Ki. Shivpuri has received several national and international awards including the Shrikant Verma award for her excellent theatre work. She has been honored by several literary, cultural and social organizations. She has visited her native village several times and has particular attachment for Uttarakhand. She feels much concerned about preserving and projecting Garhwali culture and arts. Rani Karnawati ‘Nak-Kati-Rani’ Filed in : Heroic, Historic Rani Karnavati was the wife of Mahipat Shah, the king of Garhwal, who ascended to the throne in 1622 and died young in 1631. After his death the queen, Rani Karnavati, ruled the kingdom on behalf of her young son, Prithvipat Shah. She distinguished herself as a great warrior queen, and fought against the Mughals in 1640. She defeated their troops and had the habit of cutting the noses of the invaders for which she earned the nickname ‘Nak-Kati-Rani’. Monuments erected by her still exist in Dehradun at Nawad. She is also credited with the construction of the Rajpur Canal, the earliest of all the Doon canals, which started from the Rispana River and brought its waters to the city of Dehradun.

What Can Businesses Learn from Text Mining

Case StudyWhat Can Businesses Learn From Text Mining? Text mining is the discovery of patterns and relationships from large sets of unstructured data – the kind of data we generate in e-mails, phone conversations, blog postings, online customer surveys, and tweets. The mobile digital platform has amplified the explosion in digital information, with hundreds of millions of people calling, texting, searching, â€Å"apping† (using applications), buying goods and writing billions of e-mails on the go.Consumers today are more than just consumers: they have more ways to collaborate, share information, and influence the opinions of their friends and peers; and the data that they create in doing so have significant value to businesses. Unlike structured data, which are generated from events such as completing a purchase transaction, unstructured data have no distinct form. Nevertheless, managers believe such data may offer unique insights into customer behaviour and attitudes t hat were much more difficult to determine years ago.For example, in 2007 JetBlue (the American Airline) experienced unprecedented levels of customer discontent in the wake of a February ice storm that resulted in widespread flight cancellations and planes stranded on Kennedy Airport runways. The airline received 15,000 emails per day from customers during the storm and immediately afterwards, up from its usual daily volume of 400. The volume was so much larger than usual that JetBlue had no simple way to read everything that its customers were saying.Fortunately, the company had recently contracted with Attensity, a leading vendor of text analytics software, and was able to use the software to analyze all of the e-mail it had received within two days. According to JetBlue research analyst Bryan Jeppsen, Attensity Analyze for Voice of the Customer (VoC) enabled JetBlue to rapidly extract customer sentiments, preferences, and requests it couldn’t find any other way.This tool us es a proprietary technology to automatically identify facts, opinions, requests, trends, and trouble spots from the unstructured text of survey responses, survey notes, e-mail messages, Web forums, blog entries, news articles, and other customer communications. The technology is able to accurately and automatically identify and many different â€Å"voices† customers use to express their feedback (such as a negative voice, positive voice, or conditional voice) which helps organisations pinpoint key events and relationships, such as intent to buy, intent to leave, or customer â€Å"wish† vents. It can reveal specific product and service issues, reactions to marketing and public relations efforts, and even buying signals. Attensity’s software integrated with JetBlue’s other customer analysis tools, such as Satmetrix’s Net Promoter metrics, which classifies customers into groups that are generating positive, negative, or no feedback about the company. Using Attensity’s text analytics in tandem with these tools, JetBlue developed a customer bill of rights that addressed the major issues customers had with the company.Hotel chains like Gaylord Hotels and Choice Hotels are using text mining software to glean insights from thousands of customer satisfaction surveys provided by their guests. Gaylord Hotels is using Clarabridge’s text analytics solution delivered via the Internet as a hosted software service to gather and analyze customer feedback from surveys, e-mail, chat messaging, staffed call centres, and online forums associated with guests’ and meeting planners’ experiences at the company’s convention resorts.The Clarabridge software sorts through the hotel chain’s customer surveys and gathers positive and negative comments, organizing them into a variety of categories to reveal less obvious insights. For example, guests complained about many things more frequently than noisy rooms, but complaints about noisy rooms were most frequently correlated with surveys indicating an unwillingness to return to the hotel for another stay. Analyzing customer surveys used to take weeks, but now takes only days, thanks to the Clarabridge software.Location managers and corporate executives have also used findings from text mining to influence decisions on building improvements. Wendy’s International adopted Clarabridge software to analyze nearly 500,000 messages it collects each year from its Web-based feedback forum, call centre notes, e-mail messages, receipt-based surveys, and social media. The chain’s customer satisfaction team had previously used spreadsheets and keyword searches to review customer comments; a very slow manual approach.Wendy’s management was looking for a better tool to speed analysis, detect emerging issues, and pinpoint troubled areas of the business at the store, regional or corporate level. The Clarabridge technology enables Wendyâ₠¬â„¢s to track customer experiences down to the store level within minutes. This timely information helps store, regional and corporate managers spot and address problems related to meal quality, cleanliness, and speed of service. Text analytics software caught on first ith government agencies and larger companies with information systems departments that had the means to properly use the complicated software, but Clarabridge is now offering a version of its product geared toward small businesses. The technology has already caught on with law enforcement, search tool interfaces, and â€Å"listening platforms† like Nielsen Online. Listening platforms are text mining tools that focus on brand management, allowing companies to determine how consumers feel about their brand and take steps to respond to negative sentiment.Structured data analysis won’t be rendered obsolete by text analytics, but companies that are able to use both methods to develop a clearer picture of the ir customer’s attitudes will have an easier time establishing and building their brand and gleaning insights that will enhance profitability. ENDCase Study Questions: 1. What challenges does the increase in unstructured data present for businesses? 2. How does text mining improve decision-making? 3. What kinds of companies are most likely to benefit from text mining software?Explain your answer. 4. In what ways could text mining potentially lead to the erosion of personal information privacy? Explain. 5. Visit a website such as TripAdvisor. com (or high street retailer ) detailing products or services that have customer reviews. Pick a product, hotel, or other service with at least several customer reviews and read those reviews, both positive and negative. How could Web content mining help the offering company improve or better market this product or service?What pieces of information should be highlighted| What can businesses learn from text mining? 1. What challenges does the increase in unstructured data present for businesses? The increase in unstructured data, such as that generated from e-mails, phone conversations, blog postings, online customer surveys and tweets, presents challenges for businesses as it has no distinct form, unlike structured data, which is generated from events such as completing a purchase transaction.The challenge of having unstructured data means that it can be difficult to interpret a large quantity of data in a short time as there are so many differing pieces of data rather than just a few structured pieces. The need to use tools such as text mining to interpret unstructured data adds extra challenges specifically those related to finance. The cost of implementing such tools can be great; not only does the technology need purchasing; the rate at which technology evolves means there will be costs in the upkeep with regards to updating new software.Other costs will include staff training; this will have an initial outlay a s well as a continuous financial impact as new technologies will require new training. 2. How does text-mining improve decision making? Using text mining improves decision making as it can analyse a vast quantity of data, condense the results into specific categories and reveal information that would have been less obvious otherwise. It can show correlations between many different factors more easily than without the text mining analysis.Using these less obvious insights gleaned from the information it is possible for a business to make better informed decisions that may never have been thought of if it was not used. Using text mining tools allows companies to build predictive models to gain insight into both their structured and unstructured data. Using these tools it is possible to recognise patterns and common themes amongst unstructured data, particularly those gained from things such as focus groups and blogs. Identifying these themes allows better decisions as it can show corr elations between data that otherwise would not have been visible.An example of this practice is the use of listening platforms such as Nielson Online which can determine the feelings of consumers and allow a company to better make decisions based upon their customers’ wants and needs. 3. What kinds of companies are most likely to benefit from text mining software? Large companies that have information system departments will benefit mostly from text mining software as it will enable them to speed up processes that they are already concentrating on. The text mining software will allow these companies to analyse large amounts of data that would normally take weeks to work through in just days.Other companies will benefit from smaller packages of the text mining software, particularly those that incorporate ‘listening platforms’. This will allow companies to more easily gauge how they are perceived by their consumers in terms of brand satisfaction and highlight any improvements that need to be rendered. Financial and communications provider companies can benefit from using text mining software by using it to identify their customers’ needs from their customer feedback to interpret better ways in which to retain their most profitable clients.Marketing companies can benefit from using text mining software to implement predictive modelling to improve marketing and promotions to their target audience and retailers can benefit from text mining software to quickly identify any major issues that occur on store level to better help managers improve their stores. 4. In what ways could text mining potentially lead to the erosion of personal information privacy? Text mining could potentially lead to the erosion of personal information privacy as it gives such an increased insight into the movements and habits of the public.Although text mining can help make improvements in the services being offered, it also gains a large amount of information abo ut an individual. This insight into one’s personal information further adds to the ever growing ‘big brother society’ or ‘surveillance society’. With the introduction of things such as increased CCTV monitoring the streets and larger quantities of data constantly being stored by companies there is much speculation that personal privacy is quickly being eradicated. Text mining tools may be another way in which this is apparent.An example of this is text mining tools used on holiday purchases; such a simple task can give an insight into the financial circumstances of an individual from the cost of the holiday to any extras purchased with it, as well as spending habits of that individual and other preferences. One way this information could infringe privacy is if it is then used to market other products specifically to that individual based on their prior purchases. 5. How could Web content mining help the offering company improve or better market this product or service?What pieces of information should be highlighted? Using Tripadvisor. com to read reviews on a hotel in London it has been possible to see the differing opinions of guests staying there. The hotel needs to utilise these reviews in order to better promote their services and to eradicate any problems. Using web content mining could be the most efficient way to do this. The hotel has 736 reviews of which 630 are positive and 106 are negative. It would be inefficient to manually read hrough this amount of text and cross reference specific points that need addressing. Using web mining tools the hotel could easily find which points they can use to market their services, some which appear to be the accessibility to amenities, particularly the tube station, and which points they need to improve on, particularly apparent is the attitude of the staff. Not only will web mining easily flag up these points it will easily show trends in the feelings of the guests, which could be missed if the reviews were to be analysed manually.The hotel would also save time and money by allowing the use of web mining as it eradicates most man power and human error. Bibliography Books Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon (2012). Management Information Systems: Managing The Digital Firm. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Online Sources Daily Mail Online (2010) Big Brother society is bigger than ever: New technology is ‘undermining privacy by stealth’. Available at: http://www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-1328445/Big-Brother-society-bigger-New-technology-undermining-privacy-stealth. tml#ixzz1s9qMFfIg (Accessed 10/04/2012) JISC (2012) The Value and Benefit of Text Mining to UK Further and Higher Education. Digital Infrastructure. Available at: http://bit. ly/jisc-textm (Accessed 10/04/2012) Nucleus Research (2007) SPSS Text Mining. Available at: http://www. spss. ch/eupload/File/PDF/Guidebook%20–%20SPSS%20Text%20Mining. pdf (Accessed 10/04/2012) World Ac ademy of Science, Engineering and Technology (2005) Powerful Tool to Expand Business Intelligence: Text Mining. Available at: http://www. waset. org/journals/waset/v8/v8-21. pdf (Accessed 10/04/2012)

Phillis Wheatley Essay Example

Phillis Wheatley Essay Example Phillis Wheatley Essay Phillis Wheatley Essay Her use of personification, symbolism, metonymy, metaphor, and charged words amplify her purpose to write the poem, which is to praise General George Washington and set forth A America as a strong, resilient nation. Whitley uses the personification of nature and biblical source sees to create an aura of heavenly guidance in favor of America. This helped emphasize the fact that America had God on their side and that Britain should retreat quickly due to America referent d sire for freedom. Freedoms cause is the central theme of the poem, including the struggle of the colonists to be free from England, even if it meant going to war against the m re powerful British The author uses personification to convey her message throughout the poem, that message being that America should be feared and that Washington is a magna efficient general who will protect and emancipate the colonies from Britain. For example, in paragraph app one, Whitley states that nations gaze at scenes before unknown! The phrase nations Gaza e is a form of personification which refers to the nations watching the war unfold before the me. The world hopes to see America be the victor. This statement would also be a form of metonymy my, by replacing the served people with nations. In lines 14, Whitley introduces Columbia, the goddess of liberty a personification of America. In lines 2934, Whitley cites the F-ranch and India an War as proof of what Columbians fury can do as a warning to the British. Whitley also refer renders Britannic, which is Great Britain personified as a goddess. Another example of personifies action would be when Whitley states, Astonished ocean feels, the wild uproar, the referent s urges beat the sounding shore. The personification of the ocean being able to feel and create Ins an uproar IS oppose to express the feelings of the impatient colonists waiting in anticipate on for their freedom. Wattles use of specific charged words amplifies the desire of free doom the colonists were pursuing. Also, to persuade Washington to fight, Whitley compares the strength Of the American army to when Lulus heav ens fair face deforms, basically saying the at Americas army was as strong as God. Whitley also uses symbolism to help visually describe America as being a heavenwards race. When she states, The goddess comes, she moves diva inanely fair. Olive ND laurel binds her golden hair. Wherever shines this native of the skies, nun numbered charms and recent graces arise, Whitley is symbolizing the goddess as America, bi need by peace and victory. Wherever and whatever happens with America, they are protect d by God. Whitley uses biblical and mythological references to connect Americas resilience to the e word of God. This is helpful towards her purpose behind the essay because it reinforces he r opinion that America is protected by God. She says in line thirty of To His Excellency Gene oral Washington hat, When Gaelic powers Columbians fury found, which refers to the America n victory over the French in the French and Indian War as a threat to Britain that if they resist theyll have the same fate. Whitley also writes this poem in heroic couplet, where rhyming is made within two lines, as in the last words Of the second Stanza lines: fair and hair, skies a ND rise. As well as the rhyming couplets, Whitley uses a similar amount of syllables for ever y line-?most of the lines consisting of ten syllables. Finally, near the end of To His Excellency Gene oral Washington Whitley uses trope to indirectly threaten Great Britain for attempting to pop press the colonies. At a time of segregation, slavery, and the fight for social change a s well as equality, the black community was in need of someone who understood how to use poetry to their advantage . Phillips Whitley is roundly considered to follow the neoclassical style of Alexander Pope, an early strengtheners poet highly regarded in Whitley s era. She borrowed images from the neoclassical style easily, such as realms of light, astonish d ocean, and Autumns golden reign. Whitley also includes references to Greek myth holy in her verse-?the goddess of Freedom, muses and celestial choirs, Lulus, the god o f wind. Whitley used poetic devices in order to enhance her poetry just as any outstanding pop et would. Her work shows how hyperbole, symbolism, metaphor, simile, and other poetic devices are key in writing powerful, effective poetry. In conclusion, Whitley expresses the desire for freedom of the Aimer can people through different forms of literary devices.

Analytical Essay on The Crucible

Analytical Essay on The Crucible Analytical Essay on The Crucible The Crucible is a play by Arthur Miller that was written and published in 1953. It is loosely based on facts about Salem witch trials that happened in 1692 and 1693. On the other hand, the play is believed to be an allegory on McCarthyism, the practice of accusing people without having enough evidence. Thus, both have striking resemblance, and the author wanted to show how helpless and doomed a person might be when unfairly accused by those in power (e.g. court, state, police). Salem witch trial and allegory on McCarthyism are the two levels of this plays interpretation (the explicit and the implicit ones). Those, who are not familiar with the context in which the play was written, will more likely not understand the implicit meaning of it. The play is a playwrights reaction to events that took place during the McCarthy era in the first half of 1950s. A lot of Americans were accused of being communists, spreading communist propaganda, or being soviet spies. Very often such accusations were false, however it soon developed into mass hysteria, with many people becoming victims of such injustice. Arthur Miller saw similarities between McCarthyism and Salem witch trials which resulted in writing this play. Talking about the main characters, we can point out an antagonist and a protagonist: Abigail Williams and John Proctor respectively. It all started when they both had an affair while Abigail worked as a maid for the Proctor house. In fact, it was Abigail who accused a slave woman of being a witch trying to explain reverend Parris daughter illness. Soon she realizes that such accusations can be used as a means of manipulating people, for example accusing Proctors wife of witchcraft is a way to be with Proctor again. Other people join Abigail even if they know that accusations are false, but they realize that it is better to accuse someone rather than be accused themselves. This mass hysteria is supported by people who have authority: judge John Hathorne and deputy governor Thomas Danforth. The author draws a parallel between the authority in Salem and the U.S. Government in the 50s, who were both too blind and ignorant to see that all the accusations were made by people because their own self-interest, or just because of foolishness. The protagonist, John Proctor, trying to save his wife was also accused of witchcraft by Abigail. He has to make a choice: understanding all the absurd of the trial, he may confess to being guilty and save his life, but be condemned by all the citizens of Salem for the rest of his life, or to deny all the accusations and be sentenced to death, but having a clear conscience. So, he chooses the latter. Arthur Millers play shows us how cruel and foolish people may be, no matter whether it is the 17th century, or the 20th. With all the technological and scientific progress that happened during this period, he doubts that people have become any wiser. He also depicts authority as a cruel machine that is only capable of imposing punishment to people without even knowing whether they are guilty or not. Tips on Writing an Analytical Essay on a Work of Fiction: When analyzing a work of fiction, try focusing on a specific character, concept or a story line. Make an attention catching claim in your thesis statement. For that, two sentences would be enough. Use examples from the work of fiction you are analyzing to support the claim you have made. That is also a good indicator that you have read the work carefully enough to notice the details. An outline always apply. Whatever kind of essay you are writing, an outline will help you to keep your thoughts organized. provides students with custom written essays on different topics. You can buy analytical essay online and your paper will be written by certified writers.

Nutritional Analyzes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nutritional Analyzes - Research Paper Example At last I tried to find solution for achieving required diet. I recorded everything I eat and drink for 7 days seven consecutive days, recording both what I am consuming and how much. Then I entered these details into a diet analysis program with a best fit approach, and many assumptions made. The computer program calculated the totals of each nutrient for each day, and averaged the data. I compared these averages to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI's). A set Profile values for an average person of my body type is used for comparison to these calculated averages. My goal values are calculated based on my body composition, activity level and determination of an Ideal weight goal. My ideal goal weight is 175-180 lbs. This shows I am under weight. The GOAL values for Energy, Protein, Carbohydrates, Total Fat, and Fiber is displayed in a table 1 showing a comparison with my average values and average intake of person with same height, age, and activity level. Comparison of my average intake and GOAL values shows that my energy consumption is perfect. But I need to Increase protein consumption to reach 30% Goal value, although these values are very high as compared to average nutritional parameters. ... The number of servings and/or quantity of each food group I consume is estimated and compared to the recommended serving distribution for my average Caloric intake discussed in the Daily Food Guide. Daily Food Guide Recommended Servings Average Servings Grains 10 3.57 Vegetables 4 3 Fruits 2.50 1 Dairy 3 10 Meat 7 17 Table 2 MICRONUTRIENTS The computer programs average my vitamin and mineral intake and report those values. I created a table reporting the results of comparison between my average values and established AI's or RDA's. VITAMINS MICRONUTRIENT RDA/AI 7 DAY AVERAGE DIFFERENCES THIAMIN 1.20 4.06 2.86 RIBOFLAVIN 1.30 9.39 8.09 NIACIN 16 10.56 5.44 VITAMIN B6 1.30 11.56 10.26 FOLATE 400 197.56 202.44 VITAMIN B12 2.60 11.67 9.07 VITAMIN C 90 231.18 141.18 VITAMIN A 900 613.69 286.31 VITAMIN D 5 1.78 3.22 VITAMIN E 15 8.22 6.78 Table 3 MINERALS MICRONUTRIENT RDA/AI 7 DAY AVERAGE DIFFERENCES CALCIUM 1000 237.49 762.51 PHOSPHOROUS 700 680.94 19.06 MAGNESIUM 400 376.20 23.80 IRON 8 7.11 0.89 ZINC 11 8.72 2.28 COPPER 1 8.22 7.32 Table 4 DISCUSSION Comparison of my average intake and GOAL values shows that my energy consumption is perfect. But I need to Increase protein consumption to reach 30% Goal value, although these values are very high as compared to average nutritional parameters. Again carbohydrate and fat consumption is very high compared to GOAL value. Primary resources for my energy consumption are chicken, Tilapia and flex oil. So to decrease my fat consumption I need to decrease these intakes. Carbohydrate consumption is mainly because of protein shake, rice, black beans, steak and vegetables. So I need to keep consumption of such food items also in control. At the same time I need to increase intake of food items which gives me

Respons letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Respons letter - Essay Example As such, I credit the way Mike Keefe presented the challenge of Obesity among Americans. Indeed, as Keefe observes, large percentage of Obesity cases in America are related to lifestyle. The â€Å"Higgs Boson† cartoon context indicates that the American Obesity is entirely attributable to the people’s poor feeding habit. I beg to differ with this assumption because the subject of obesity is of controversial implication hence generalized declarations do not respond to its concerns effectively. James & John (34), observes that obesity is caused by numerous factors and indeed, most of the factors that we undermine have a considerable influence. Surprisingly, Keffe disregards the idea of linking Obesity with genetic disorders. This is an irrational observation since James & John (157) identifies that a considerable number of American Obesity cases are genetic based. As such, we need to examine the issue of obesity critically and shun drawing generalized conclusions. The audience of this letter will be all individuals who accesses The Denver Post magazine. This is a diverse audience; therefore, I have used harmonized language to articulate my position. I expect my audience to understand the essence of according reasonable attention to the subject of obesity. However, I also expect that some readers may disagree with my position disregarding it as

New Media Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

New Media Culture - Essay Example Indeed, social interactions and relationships have fulfilled several aims and social psychological aims of people. But in ages past, people have been more familiar with a traditional form of social relations whereby the people we come across in person become the only people we continue to relate to in our own unique social worlds. With technological advancement however, much of this trend has changed as technology has created an avenue for people to establish a social setting without really having to come to meet on a personal basis (Fiske, 1992). Sociality and communities have been digitized and advanced through technology and by the power of the internet through various social network platforms. In this essay, there is a careful scrutiny to new sociality and new communities as substitutes of old sociality and communities. As part of the scrutiny, the role of culture in technologically advanced societies shall be invested to come to conclusions with the merits and demerits associate d with new sociality and communities. Role of culture in technologically advanced societies Culture may generally be explained as the way in which a group of people live. This means it is the way of life of people and thus entails key variables that distinguish these people including language, meals, dressing, courtesy, social perception and interactivity. Culture has always been a key part of societies and communities. This is because most often than not, any given society is made up of people with core cultural similarities and the more these people are able to share these cultural similarities, the better it is for them to have their communities established (Wellman, B. et al., 2001). In cases where there are cultural differences, tolerance and acceptability have been identified to be the key to developing an effective community. Indeed, as much as this principle applies in the traditional setting, it has also been found to be useful and influential in this era of technologically advanced societies (Castells, 2001). Using various social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Whatsapp as examples, it can be noted that there is virtually none of these social media network that allows an open form of networking that lacks permissiveness by end users to decide who will be their social members and those who will not. This means that hosts and makers of these social networks understand the need for any two people to get along culturally well before relationships can be established in a technologically advanced society. Culture therefore plays the role of defining the kind of societies that can be established and how effective these societies will be once they are advanced into communities. Culture also determines whether or not people will have their social psychological needs satisfied in technologically advanced societies. Approaches to Social Network Theory Generally, social network theory makes use of two major approaches or schemes namely nod es and ties. As far as nodes are concerned, reference made to individual actors who are found within the network, while ties refer to the nature of relationships that are established between these actors (Granovetter, 1983). Social network theory has actually been related to traditional sociological studies, where it has been said that

Comparing UK and US Gang Culture

Comparing UK and US Gang Culture Popular perceptions of gang activity are often based on sensationalized images created in the media. They vary from dramatic reports of â€Å"gangland† shootings to images of young men terrorizing the local neighborhood. Indeed, there are elements of gang culture that are criminal and threatening for the local population; however, gang culture is so complex that a single definition has yet to be agreed upon by social scientists. The primary issue of controversy is whether criminality is a central and causal. Thrasher’s (1927) pioneering study was the first to look at group processes and psychology of gang life. Through his study of 1,313 Chicago gangs, he concluded gangs are part of the psychological and group process of teenagers in economically deprived communities. He believed gangs are: group(s) originally formed spontaneously, and then integrated through conflict†¦.characterized by the following types of behavior: meeting face to face, milling, movement through space as a unit, conflict, and planning. The result†¦.is the development of tradition, unreflective internal structure, esprit de corps, solidarity, morale, group awareness, and attachment to a local territory. (pg 46) By the ‘50s and ‘60s, the popular view changed – the perception of gangs became one of fear and threat.. Miller (1975) and Klein (1971) published papers defining gangs as innately criminal. Miller’s pessimistic perspective is apparent in his classification of gangs as: â€Å"a group of recurrently associating individuals with identifiable leadership and internal organization, identifying with or claiming control over territory in the community, and engaging either individually or collectively in violent or other forms of illegal behavior† (pg 9). Miller was echoed by Klein (1971), who defined gangs as: â€Å"any denotable group of youngsters who†¦..recognize themselves as a notable group†¦. (and) have been involved in a sufficient number of delinquent incidents to call forth a consistent negative response from†¦..residents and/or law enforcement agencies† (pg 13) This theme was taken up by law enforcement agencies, and the idea of the gang as a part of the moral order of the community was subsequently gone. The sociological definition of gang was replaced by terms mainly useful to law enforcement, which are still used to this day. Brantley and DiRosa of the FBI (1994) describe gangs as groups of â€Å"individuals†¦..who associate on a continual basis for the purpose of committing criminal acts†. But other researchers maintain the Thrasher group process hypothesis. Moore argues against Miller and Kleins definitions, as she believes they are circular: the definitions include the very behaviour i.e. crime that they are trying to understand. Thrasher and Moores definitions differ significantly from Klein and Millers. Moore (1998) believes criminality is not inherent to gangs and views them instead as â€Å"unsupervised peer groups†¦socialized by the streets rather than by conventional institutions.† The debate continues, and the lack of agreement regarding the defining features of gangs has made consistent findings and generalizations problematic. Criminal activity remains a pivotal issue in the debate; the criminality of gangs waxes and wanes, and to use criminality to distinguish a group from a gangs is a misleading and unhelpful process. The Phenomenon â€Å"Gang† in the UK and USA Discuss. Anywhere in the world were there are unsettled neighborhoods or a transient population, there are likely to be gangs of youths, coming together to seek the security, sense of belonging and structure they lack in their communities. Traditionally, UK interventions to curtail gang activity have been based largely on the US model, where gang conflict has a long and complex history. However research into why youths join gangs in the UK found important differences between British gangs and their US counterparts, which has lead to a change in the British governments approach. British gangs tend to be gentler than those in America, which are more likely to generate distinct identities, rigid structures and be involved in criminal acts (Klein, 1995). UK gangs lack the American-style initiation ceremonies and specific styles of clothing. In the USA large portions of the population exist on the edge of communities, creating breading grounds for criminal street gangs. In certain urban ghettos men rejoice when they reach 25 years of age because gangland fighting kills more young people than illness or accidents (Community Cares, 1994). Often these areas will be economically deprived. The longstanding social security system in the UK has prevented the same situation occurring. The USA takes a different approach and makes frequent cuts in its social program, investing instead in its penal system. In 2003 the British government proposed to revamp youth services, in an effort to reverse the 18% decrease in youth services since the 1980’s. The new legislation places a requirement upon all local authorities to meet certain standards by 2005, and expects them to critically assessment the youth service provision within their area. Councils were asked to make a promise to youths to provide not only the usual meeting places for personal and social development, (i.e. youth clubs and activities), but also programmes related to peer education and ways of ensuring their views are heard. The government pledged  £83m to the programme. However, the British government are also taking a stronger stance against â€Å"antisocial behavior†, which frequently involves gangs of adolescents. Although the new anti-social behavior legislation is not aimed specifically at gangs, its purpose is to reduce feelings of intimidation within communities, which is often concurrent with gang formation. Once an Anti-Social Behavior Order (ASBO) is issued, the accused must abide by the stipulations in the ASBO or potentially face criminal proceedings. The US was similarly preoccupied with anti-social behavior in the 1990’s, when task forces such as Operation Weed and Seed, and the Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services anti-gang drive, had at it’s core the desire curb or contain street gangs. New legislation was passed and many states enacted statutes to assist law enforcers. In both the US and UK, this was a response to a concerned electorate, made anxious by the tabloid media. There must be a move in the US towards interventions that do not criminalize young people. The question that should be asked is why are young people joining gangs. The answer is well researched; the need for structure, nurturing, a sense of belonging and perceived economic opportunity create breeding grounds for gangs. If goverments adopt adequate social security programs to meet these basic needs, gangs will not evolve – they ultimatly reflect the society that has shaped them. References Brantley, A. C., DiRosa, A. (1994) Gangs: A National Perspective. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. New York Klein, M. W. (1995) The American Street Gang. Oxford University Press. New York. Koutos, L., Brotherton, D., Barrios, L. (2003) Gangs and Society: Alternative Perspectives. Columbia University Press. Miller, W. (1975) Violence by Youth Gangs and Youth Groups as a Crime problem in Major American Cities. Washington Department of Justice. Washington. Moore, J. W. 1998. â€Å"Understanding Youth Street Gangs: Economic Restructuring and the Urban Underclass.† In M. W. Watts (Ed.), Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Youth and Violence (pp. 65-78), Stamford, CT: JAI. Thrasher, F. M. (1927) The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago. Chicago III. University of Chicago Press. USA (1994) Community Cares (1994). Socialist review, 179. Retrieved February 10, 2006, from http://pubs.socialist reviewindex.org.uk/sr179/msmith.htm