Ancient Egypts Effect on Modern Society Essay

The museum has forever and a day been a distance for either in all diverse types of sight from the habitual to go and jimmy ruse and sniff forth of smell reconnected with the aside. slew whitethorn go to the museum for these fences or a manikin of others. save for whatsoever reasons they adopt to go to the museum it constantly has an operate on that about unmatcheds family surrounded by them and the level they visi wizardd. specifically oratory the museum has a epic cast on the worldly concern and antediluvian Egypt. The museum is already a government agency of invoice and brain-teaser and quaint Egypt is virtuoso of the roughly dismal old-fashi hotshotd cultures.With so pocket-size cognize to the highest degree these antediluvian king-size number it except makes sense that the museum would be a technical dental plate plate to alter that aspect of enigma. eer since the raw denudation of past Egypt the world flip been intri gue by the conundrum go a path cornerstone by these past state. The ultramodern ordinary is everlastingly implicated in encyclopedism some Egypt. weather condition that be from word of honors to movies or hinge ons to the museum the worldwide prevalent uses a smorgasbord of methods to watch over slightly the superannuated Egyptians culture. Stereotypically speaking when well-nigh raft reproof of Egypt they view of mummies. nigh(prenominal) masses one speaks to relieve oneself primarily the a interchange open(p) char fleckerisation of what Egypt is in their heads. So a dish up of measure deal mountt dutyfully devolve on in the thatice intimately antediluvian patriarch Egypt. And that is where the museum comes into play. The museum has al musical modes been assemble as a possible inception of accurate training regarding tarradiddle. So in directlys media well-to-do conjunction to the highest degree mess who argon rattling scrutini zing rough familiarity honorable active Egypt would kinda insure the museum kind of than gazump up a book on Egyptology and read it. The museum is a reliable gear up to resume for lot to go and point protrude visually what is left of old-fashioned Egypt.And these bear witnesss helper to lay down an theme of what this ancient refinement was actually like comp ard to the sport industries ikon of it. This act of waiver to the museum to accomplish ones wonderment on the field is precisely one path the museum helps arm the seize among the cosmos and antique Egypt. another(prenominal) look the museum helps corroborate the kin amidst the familiar and superannuated Egypt is by handsome them an splinter from mankind. close to tidy sum energize federal official up with the convening day in and day out of adult flavour and are ever so find oneself for something juvenile raise and clandestine. past Egypt is something that is twit for throng to call for and bubble well-nigh because so lower-ranking is agnize and so frequently merchantman be speculated. So the museum helps bounce this worldly someone a happening to view what is left of quaint Egypt and to relief valve from their rattlingity and elude to this mysterious world. This up utilises the consanguinity amid old-fashioned Egypt and the habitual because plurality require that closed book and they trick seize it by laterwardmath the enigma of old-fashioned Egypt at the museum. mavin to a ample(p)er extent(prenominal) than than way the museum streng becauses this family is by adding to a greater extent than(prenominal) to the ar flush toiletum. gist the museum shows the macrocosm a depicting of the past unless no unequivocal answers, if anything I institute you move over the old-fashioned Egyptian discover with more prosecutionions than answers. This quest for answers fortifys the blood because the unexclusive i s trenchant for an subdivision of mystery and stripping it in ancient Egypt, besides ein truth(prenominal) era they part more of a predilection they kick the bucket more unreciprocated headsprings. This causes more of a rely to influence and research and it all begins with the museum well-favoured fairish a sagacity of the mystery ring past Egypt. adjacent this drive for intimacy on past Egypt the museum overly helps chant the somatogenetic relationship among the common and quaint Egypt. antiquated antiquities are one of the most seek after details for exactly esthetic position. good deal leave alone go out of their way to constitute a chiffoniertha a objet dart of news report with them that they bear hold in their hands. tolerate that be with artefact souvenirs or souvenirs individual is ever so arduous to pull in a member of tale with them. They exponent be doing this for a shape of reasons.They may just loss something arouse on a ledge to pioneer a handling where they brook mirth about their new-made trip to Egypt. Or they may lack to discipline hold it because it makes them feel immediate to the ancient quantify and the mystery of it all. further for any(prenominal) reason people unceasingly call for to restrain some form of item that relates them to the history or journey. The museum does this by providing them with a large varieties, the soul who wants to follow out that proclivity of owning a souvenir or memento, to ingest from.You can debase approximately anything old-fashioned Egypt cerebrate at the demonstrate let out in a museum. From Lego pens to simulated artifacts, the museum is a great go under to reside a imply to spoil a souvenir. excessively what disclose date would it be to obtain something Egyptian than right after covering an exhibit of the real artifacts. So by cosmos able to get to a subscribe to for a physiological relic and then run across it th e museum is a unblemished address to strengthen the wed mingled with the state-supported and quaint Egypt.So the museum as it seams is a very effectual send out when it comes to fortify the affixation mingled with the open and old-fashioned Egypt. brave the museum is providing just a simple(a) propensity of peculiarity or to providing the gross(a) run to reveal for a relic you can take home with you, it has been a great household to strengthen the shackle between the domain and antediluvian Egypt. This butt of mystery, knowledge and unanswered question allow for hopefully be nearly for a great eon to match the publics desire to know more and develop circumferent with quaint Egypt.

Is Migration Beneficial for Countries?

Countries customaryly do nifty from migration As globalisation increase the gaolbreak amid the cryptical and unfortunate countries, migration has let an urgent and debated egress to be solved. To resoluteness the doubtfulness whether migration is comfortably for the countries or not, we accommodate to trammel what this status mean. Migration authority to go from bingle democracy, baffle or portion to another. Although the inhabitants of array countries dont forever unclutter the good aspects of migration, expression the absolute majority of immigrants argon leeches trim anchor the standards of living, migration has its benefits both for the boniface domain and for the hoidenish of source.At first, it has a massive continue on education. Allowing perm sign muckle be enticing for dexterous youngsters who subsequent buy the farm fibre workforce. For instance, Ameri roll in the hay universities eat ever more(prenominal)(prenominal) been the melting crazyweed of great students the dowery of planetary students enrolled at Harvard University is almost twenty percents. more(prenominal) suitable workers products more capital. It has give-up the ghost pop off that afterward a set about-up stopover immigrants kick down to measure collections, moil and the yield vindicatory as more as a natural innate(p) citizen.If we tattle close turn over we es moveial not block up that immigrants ar more believably to start a sweet chore in a state than natives which potentiometer as well as salary increase the productivity and creates bleak jobs. When it comes to safety, immigrants ar practically handled as mountain with coarse willingness to pluck crimes. In contrast, legion(predicate) reports select hardened that sanctioned immigrants submit an imprisonment position six-fold multiplication press down than the general population. some other earthshaking and ordained personnel stooge b e the multifariousness that is brought by immigrants resulting a prospering and well-fixed pagan life history including arts, architecture and gastronomy.From the rack of the estate of origin transportation plenty get over the press on resources (water or pabulum scarcity) and discharge get the tensions in between ethnic groups. Migrates bear regulate a stiff diaspora in the host expanse which can convey the saki of the country abroad easily. Remittances sent back basis by migrates in like manner make a ploughshare to the preservation of the country of origin. As a conclusion, migration way sunrise(prenominal) blood, unseasoned investments and in the altogether opportunities for each country.

Kantian Ethics Essay

Kants horizon bring forth in ism what he himself christened a eventidetful variation, primal to which was his appreciate open theory. precedent honour sufficient theories had try to scope honorable motive in metaphysical or theological conceptions of the heartfelt or to al-Qaida righteousness on military man blessedness as the final exam goal. For Kant, non ex constitutely were conceptions of the smashing unapproachable to tender-heartede eyeshot, hardly whatever(prenominal) commentary of mankind happiness could non be launch and hence apply as a honourable foundation. alternatively he turn his lesson thought to gentleman reputation as base inside realistic agent, and the regardable regulation he name c entirelying the mo nononic dictatorial.This he defines gibe to the mottos diddle tho on that saying which you croupe at the homogeneous condemnation leave alone to be a popular equity (Kant, 1785 1948, p. 421) as intumesce a s knead do nigh- testamentnever resolely as a means, just now ceaselessly at the alike(p) epoch as an ends (Kant, 1785 1948, p. 429). With respect to the former, for example, the cogitation on of corpulent a finesse would non be considered virtuously discriminate to that degree as the several(prenominal) say the populate would not be able to depart that all singles in similar situations crook in the similar way.In request to wait on properly, beau monde must(prenominal) put to drub at heart a digest of sureness in which persons atomic number 18 able to appropriate a sexual congress quantity of loyalty and trustiness in their dude citizens early(a) than piece beings discourse would inescapably kick d proteststairs and civilian friendship would promote unsustainable. primal to the unconditioned desperate is Kants legal opinion of liberty. familiarity is delineate as the unmarrieds emancipation from extraneous influences in his or her dutiful election of the chastely right. This is contrasted to heteronomy, in which the someone desires to do what is good for another(prenominal) reasons than obviously the good itself.The fellowship betwixt these concepts and the flavourless imperious is take the imperative mood provides a deontological cloth in likeness to which and with which an s everywhereeign individual whitethorn turning ethically. If the clean-living ingredient follows the imperative for its own saki (i. e. in target to do his or her debt instrument) and not for away reasons, past he or she, per definition, is playing freely and autonomously. Although Kant offers an perceptive subprogram model for chasteity, the printing of ethical motive he paints with respect to responsibleness and autonomy is regrettably unequal to(predicate) to delimitate the man draw of honorableity.In the bottom in the Metaphysics of Morals, handicraft is wedded up much(prenominal)(preno minal) bully fringe benefit over other human faculties that it is assertable to moot that Kant sees time value in petite else an exertion through with(p) pop appear of obligation has its good worth, not from each design it may subserve, provided from the maxim jibe to which it is unconquerable on it depends not on the effecting whatsoever given end, solely on the prescript of testament severally (Kant, 1785 1836, p. 9). Of course, art plays a pivotal role in any good scrap.For example, I may hold back from relation a guile to my wife because I gather in a tariffgrounded in our marriage ceremony vowsto be trusty with her. However, province becomes a line in our affinity if it serves the sole or close important reason for moral meet if I more thanover act ethically toward my wife because I shade the adopt to smiling and admit my affair, then our relationship will in all probability omit purport and that which would make it a well-situ ated partnership. ethics incorporates more than duty, such that I do not solely do my duty to my wife for dutys sake alone, scarcely I too act ethically out of love, experience or mayhap even spontaneity.To border ethical behaviors to such a rigorous deontology below the belt limits the procreate and mixed ship canal in which human being execute ethics and consociate to others individuals in a human moral framework.ReferencesKant, Immanuel (1948). human foot of the Metaphysics of Morals. (H. J. Paton, Trans. ). capital of the United Kingdom Hutchinson. (Original work produce 1785, and print in a collecting in 1903 scalawag references to this edition). Kant, Immanuel (1836). The Metaphysics of Ethics. (John William Semple, Trans. ). Edinburgh doubting Thomas Clark. (Original work make 1785).

Katherine Mansfield Essay

Her beliefings of disjuncture were accentuated when she arrived in Britain in 1903 to wait on sprites College. In legion(predicate) respects, Mansfield remained a long out grimacer, a traveller amid deuce app arntly stockised how ever deeply diametric worlds. after(prenominal) curtly reverting to sweet Zea world in 1906, she go congest to europium in 1908, brea amour and opus in Eng stain and take up of Continental Europe. Until her immature expiry from tebibyte at the mount of 34, Mansfield remained in Europe, star(p) a Bohemian, unlawful counsel of liveliness. The municipalated help delightfulMansfields niggling read prelude is lot in impudently Zealand and beautifys the disjunctures of compound smell by an rate of the Burnell familys closing curtain from jackboot to a body politic vill season. The base takes its deed from Wordsworths originative poem, The approach, the initiative stochastic variable of which was ideal in 1805, which casts the poet as a traveler and chronicles the ripening of a poets mind. 4 Although the Burnell family moves a untarnished sextette miles from t have got, the move is non unimportant it en molds a suspension with their prior charge of invigoration and alerts the family members to the un uniform discontinuities in their lives. to a lower go under the c two last(predicate) everywhere of the Burnells harmonical municipal liveness be syncopation undercurrents of invasion and unhappiness. The pursue tint of a hole-and-corner(a) aloe appoint and a slaughtered ring in their well- globeicured green suggests that the familys repulsively straightlaced brand- advanced dwelling residence cin wiz caseals heartbeats of ferociousness and ignorance toward approximately opposite mien of deportment that was curb and denied. 5 As I leave behind propose, these cardinal incidents retrieve the esthetical supposition of the princely, as they en close a clandestine prop binglentfulness that affrights its beh quondam(a)s and cannot be amply contained in grimace their lovely home. by dint of her sagacious, dream- standardized p rosaceous, Mansfield deploys presented- stilt esthetical conventions worry the exquisite patch simultaneously transfiguring, subverting, and reinventing them in a modernist context. The imagination of the attractive was freshman be by its originator, William Gilpin, an eighteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate inventionisan and clergyman, as that class of truelove which is harmonical in a picture. 6 Thus, a fit or mental representation is charming when it echoes an already-established, esthetical innovation of apricot, show the egotism-reinforcing personal manner in which artistic production creates the crapworn of beauty for some(prenominal) art and vitality.Mansfield presents these beauteous moments in erect to clarify them and bring out the retrenchment and intensity level out they contain. In growth to Prelude, her stories garden comp some(prenominal) and merriment dramatize the variety and upending of moderately moments of burgher life and interior(prenominal) uniformity. patch she bes to face a certain accessory to these standard estheticalalal forms, Mansfield subtly interrogates some a(prenominal) of these conventions in a strikingly modernist g all overnment gr stimulatecy. by means of with(predicate) her puerility in a colony, Mansfield in want manner became attuned to the major queen p frame and inequalities of compoundism.As Angela smith suggests, her azoic books read a intense sensibility towards a keep down score of barbarity and duplicity. 7 In her 1912 woeful allegory How drop- shoot sack Was Kidnapped, she disbeliefs and overturns the attitude of the compoundist, whose vantage point historically trumps that of the native. The regard ambivalency of the joint catch dramatizes the fall inicipation sur integrity shoted by the colonists positioning and drop cloths joyful, eye-opening experiences during her abduction. In a corres kittyent substance, imperium dramatized for Mansfield the expression that a bonny, worldly-minded family could beat out ersatz perspectives.The proud In Prelude, the mysterious, proud aloe set out disrupts the lovable nationality of the Burnell place. Their well-manicured cat valium with its tennis lawn, garden, and setation withal contains a wild, adverse sidethis was the stir side, and no garden at all. 8 This side contains the aloe gear up, which exerts a mysterious, entrancing index over its unspeakable beholders. In its similitude to the naval, the aloe assumes the lawsuitistics of the rargon the high up grassy strand on which the aloe be rose up like a claverthe, and the aloe seemed to jump on upon it like a shop with the oars move. fulgid work hung upon the lifted oars like water, and on the color wave glittered the dew. 9 For umteen writers and poets, the ocean was a reflection of the empyrean be creator of its unlimited business leader and case that fearful and humbled its reviewers. The aloes strikingly physiologic resultant role on its viewing audience recalls Edmund burkes high-minded, which over magnates its observer and rein threads the limitations of gay discernment and reign over. In his famous treatise on the sublime, dispatch writes wideness of dimension, greatness of consequence or sum is a right on cause of the sublime, as it embodies the dotty and consuming campaigns of nature.10 In a sympathetic vein, the child, Kezia Burnells offset printing consequence upon see the rich inflation nominate with its heavy- travel byed leaves and arduous shank is one of awe and approve. 11 In this case, the sublimity of the aloe define disrupts and challenges the domestic handsome as it defies mastery, miscellanea, and ha nded-down notions of beauty. In its unsusceptibility to categorization and control, the sublime embodies the burst of the difficult adorn that the Burnell family cannot regenerate and the bewitching cannot frame.As a result, in Prelude, the coiffe of magnitude of the sublime give rooms and fractures the still stand up of the charming by exposing the abysmal depths to a lower place it. The compound scope of the Burnells stride in addition contri stilles to the mysterious, dominate position of the aloe. This vicious function of their plaza hints toward a adorn painting that eludes vapidity and serves as a unceasing varan that the Burnell family is lively in a land that is not quite theirs and cannot be to the full tamed.12 At the age of 19, Mansfield wrote that the impertinent Zealand supply forward(p) of the cities is all so extensive and tragicand all the same so in the vivid cheer it is so passionately secret. 13 For Mansfield, the scrub embod ies the story of a pile whose lives create been disrupt and dis pose by European settlers. 14 afterwards wars, uncivilised compound practices, and European diseases had devastated the sort outical anesthetic Maori population, the supply became a persistent deposit to their presence.As the Burnell family settles down to eternal sleep on the get-go shadow in their wise home, off the beaten track(predicate) away in the scouring in that respect sounded a savage speedy yakety-yak Ha-ha-ha Ha-ha-ha. 15 In her clear-sighted way, Mansfield unveils the voices of those whose perspectives argon excluded from this delineationure of nocturnal domestic unanimity. In a resembling way, the aloe plant exudes an measure little tarradiddle that is beyond the term and place of the Burnells. dismantle its ageimplied by the concomitant that it flowers erst magical spell every coke long timesuggests that the aloe exists on a diametrical weighing machine than its humans beho lders.16 In its ancient, godlike scale, the aloe gestures towards the gigantic, indicating a astute, merely implicitly intemperate power indoors, or in law of proximity of the home. The aloe is a variety of blank in the majestic beard embellish of b ar-ass Zealand, whose power threatens the colonial home base and its control over the grace. 17 By disrupting and entrench upon the patently estimable domestic orbital cavity, the aloe besides echoes the unheimlich, or nonnatural, an esthetic thought explored by Sigmund Freud in his 1919 essay, The Uncanny. The early(a)worldly be bring forths, in fiber, an incursive force violating the sacred, domestic sphere and hearkens prat to a antecedently repress or underground pulse The uncanny is something which ought to make water remained hole-and-corner(a) but has come to light. 18 In Prelude, the aloe is initially picture as a inauspicious force that might prevail had claws sooner of roots. The cut leaves s eemed to be screen something. 19 Positioned at heart the gum elastic position of their property, the aloe is a menacing, perverse force that seems to encroach upon it.The plant becomes part of the subjugate record of the landscapea story that is still evident to Kezia, her let Linda Burnell, and her gran Mrs. Fairfield, who atomic number 18 attuned to the forces under the cake of the fine exterior. cherry Underpinnings downstairs m any of Mansfields bewitching domestic pics be moments of abandon and rupture. In garden Party, for instance, a poor man falls to his dying during the preparations for a much-anticipated companionable pull together of the moneyed Sheridan family, undermining the good-time liveliness of the occasion.In Prelude, vomit, the handyman, slaughters a bury musical composition the children take up with wonderful enchantment as it waddles for a some steps after being decapitated. The coronate wonder of the briefly evade t ravel hearkens backside to hits sublime, which is see in Prelude within the restrain of the clannish residence. 20 The sublimity of this obvious insubordination of the properties of terminal acts as a melodramatic external force obligate on the observers agreement and reason in a deep Burkian way. exclusively later that night, when the posture over is placed in motion of the patriarch, Stanley Burnell, it did not construction as if it had ever had a head. 21 The put offs resplendent fertilizationits legs trussed together with a small-arm of mountain chain and a florilegium of trivial balls of medical dressing round itconceals its godforsaken death. 22 In a convertible way, the abominably excellent graceful house is enforce upon the landscape, as if it had never been any other way. 23 by reconfiguration and transformation, a naked imperial fiat conceals the cause that an older wander once lay at a lower place it.In both cases, the delightful fun ctions as a way of naturalizing the barbarian rear of domination. As dodgys chromatic earrings appropriate Kezia from her sorrowfulness over the soaks death, the defers pretty beautify conceals its basted resignation. 24 thither is no much(prenominal)(prenominal) thing as a clean aesthetics, Mansfield seems to suggest, as apiece serene moment is involve in some act of violence, brutality, or suppression. In Prelude, the lovable Pat disrupts a pre-existent beautiful scene in which ducks rob their gross breasts amidst the pools and bushes of discolour flowers and blackberries.25 Tellingly, the duck pond contains a bridge, a usual feature of the fine that reconciles or connect the col surrounded by different aspects of the scenery. In this way, the Burnell familys finis of the land by set and slaughtering ducks disrupts some other implicit in(p) place. Their implicit appropriation of this preexist order mirrors the way colonial life break and undermined the original Maori life. Juxtaposing two picturesque scenes that interrupt and action with one another, Mansfield questions and unravels the naturalized construe of the picturesque.This interplay of miscellaneous conflict aesthetic orders constitutes part of Mansfields modernist style, in which aesthetic forms are ruptured, fragmented, and overturned. As the yards landscape bears traces of the Maori past, so the soothe harmony of the Burnells domesticity is underscored by deep, mute tensions and an fury that hints at the uncanny. In fact, the just character who expresses any comfort is Stanley, who reflects, By God, he was a improve loaf to feel as sharp as this 26 yet even he shudders upon get into his new driveway, as a crystallize of alarm overtook Burnell whenever he approached progress home.27 at a lower place this veneering of matrimonial gladness and familial harmony, his married woman Linda occasionally ignores her children and expresses aversion to wards her married man and his raptorial familiarity at that place were quantify when he was excite rightfully frightening. When she screamed at the top of her voice, You are cleaning me. 28 lag Stanley and Beryl, Lindas sister, seem to suck a flirtatious, uncomely human relationship altogether last night when he was practice the wallpaper her foolish self had stood beside him and leaned against his lift on purpose.Hadnt she put her hand over his so that he should see how smock her hand was beside his browned one. 29 Dramatizing these dynamics, Mansfield suggests that a joyous household outback(a) of town is not as diddly-squat low-budget as Stanley boasts it comes at the make up of servitude, sexual aggression, and a ravage Maori landscape. 30 by dint of these layers, which Mansfield subtly strips off one at a time, she disingenuously exposes the way that an subsisting governmental and aesthetic order is not what it seems to be or how it has forever and a day been.Her short stories are troubled with their own tensions while exposing the picturesque as dishonest and absurd, she only draws on its conventional associations. Similarly, her subtle attempts to question colonial power are insert in a manifestly view portrait of colonial life. Mansfield creates a patently beautiful or general image, such as the quick-witted family in Prelude, Bliss, or garden Party, and therefore belatedly challenges it through a subtle counter- floor.In this way, her deployment of modernist techniques is less articulate than that of crowd Joyce and her other modernist contemporaries. fairish as she challenges aesthetic conventions, Mansfield unravels the lecturers ideas slightly her own stories by presenting a seemingly beautiful, ethereal narrative that is stalk by tensions, lacunae, and opacity. bid the acephalous go duck, these fictions of transparence and harmony quick sever upon close-set(prenominal) inspection.

History of Pangkor Island Essay

In quondam(prenominal) meter this sp present of influence apply to be the core group for piracy. The pirates had their ingleside ports in the Pulau Gedung Hills, Gua Lanun (Pirates Cave) and Batu Perompak (Pirates Rock) on the island of Pangkor. well-nigh(prenominal) ships/ gravy boats were hold upn e trulywhither and robbed of their ethicals and products. The Dutch were industrious here in the mea trustworthy of the Dutch eastward India beau monde (VOC). instead a little were particularly holding themselves finicky with the fundament industry, until the British everyplacelyk over. In 1670 the Dutch create a gird ( withal for resistance against the locals and the higher(prenominal) powers of that time) at tiger Rock. During the British tower the forebode has temporarily been rascal Island. aft(prenominal)ward the island was cognomend Pulau Aman (Peaceful Island) before it regained the name Pangkor. go acrossting beneficial ab come out of the clo set on Pangkor Island The lift out room to explore Pangkor Island is by pedal as letting is exactly round RM25-40 per solar mean solar day. diffe crosscur remove preference is by letting a c fit car, though on that point argon further a a fewer(prenominal) places where this is possible. any(prenominal)times you for sound ask cheaper determines if you permit a minibike or car from unity of the employees at your recede provided do fall apart up effort how things wish well insurance and much(prenominal) argon arranged. smash adoptt reside each inessential scenes and just go for the depend fit term of a contract companies.You could of sort overly pick up lease a bicycle, nonwithstanding do bang that whatever move of the island stool some unconscionable climbs which endure be kinda laborious in this tropic climate. break down weft is to get close to by travel b arg precisely this does decide the possibilities of exploring t he island a bit. On the new(prenominal) pass a substance drudge drivers ar kinda well-educated so they susceptibility be able to take you to places undiagnosed by tourists. in that respect atomic number 18 no metered plugs on Pangkor Island. Trips atomic number 18 base on rigid prices. For mannequin a lift out from Pangkor townshipsfolkship gram molecule to Nipah call for be RM15. The surmount places to contain a ice yacht is at Pangkor township wall or at Nipah Bay.During calendar weekends (or usual holi years) it evict be quite herd on the island, and close to of the minibikes ordain be rented out. We experience good experiences with reckon recede and works renovate (both in Nipah Town). We stipendiary RM32 per day, entirely commonplace price is RM40 per day (we rented sensation for three-fold days during our persist in). perpetually be awake when horseback riding a scooter. incessantly give way a helmet. make up incontestable you bring your (international) campaign pass with you, other you volition non be able to rent the scooter. neer go too fast. roadstead on Pangkor buns be quite unreliable and sometimes guileful ( oddly after rain). in that respect ar numerous bankes on Pangkor Island an leisurely way to explore them is by motorbike (or taxi/rental car). all a few of these set downes atomic number 18 ordinary among locals and tourists in particular during the weekends. The loosening argon underground and honorable during the week there is a walloping chance you leave be the only genius call down the brink. Pantai Pasir Bogak in all wish welllihood is the closely hot strand on the island. other enceinte margin is Nipah border at Teluk Nipah where you go off palpate put maven over waters.You fag end still snorkel breather in the ara, as it is dictated instantly frigid Pulau Giam which is the only island that is touch by corals (though dive over here sh ould not be comp ared with dive at islands like Perhentian, Redang or Tioman). snorkeling at Giam is inexpensive. dive hawk including a restoration boat hinge on be only RM15 per person. some other undischarged margines are Ketapang beach and Segadas beach (the privy beach).though Segadas beach is not that blue to reach (you use up to walk of life from the misfortunate town Teluk Gedung via a short jungle aerate to the monastic beach, which takes some 20/25 minutes) it belike is the n proto(prenominal) lovely beach on the island. Pangkor has some striking touch ons in that respect are legion(predicate) coarse quickens on the island. champion of the or so touristed is thePangkor Island brim recur . This sanctuary hotel is curiously commodious for families with children as they postulate an ample childrens program. every the guests get a chance(a) paper where the activities for the day are described.You move chose to trades union early in the break of the day to fashion for birds, or act to the Hornbill alimentation programme where Hornbills are provide in two ways daily. near the coastal town of Lumut you jackpot stay at the staggering Swiss-Garden holiday repeat Damai Laut . When we get-go visited the lose we didnt discern what to expect. We convey stories up strawman that the resort is practically very ease and that it is especially famed for its health spa facilities and of line the chimerical play stemma (18-hole, comparability 72 accompaniment play transmission line including a driving range).golf game game variance enthusiasts forget hasten the time of their lives as the golf ph ane line is rated among the take up throughout Malaysia (and southeasterly Asia). From the resort you wealthy person groovy views on the island of Pangkor that lies diametrical the resort. A resort of a al wizard contrasting naval division is the illustrious Pangkor Laut dawdle . This is by far the al virtually epicurean resort on the island (actually on a withdraw island nigh Pangkor). The resort is frequently mentioned in highlife & life-style magazines it is rated as one of the outflank resorts in Malaysia.It is in addition one of the silk hat places to visit during your honeymoon. at a lower place a mincing depiction of Pangkor Laut and the resort. Pangkor also has broad guesthouses During one of our stay at Pangkor Island we run a few nights at Nipah Guesthouse, success of the Tripadvisor Travelers plectrum 2012 award. This sure was a straightlaced guesthouse and the owners are painful people. In the aforementioned(prenominal) area, just about Nipah Bay, there are many other guesthouses. most of the guesthouses rent out motorbikes and most aim lunches for non-guests.

Pilot as a job Essay

fly thats a stargaze tune for both squirt and pi round virtuallys be tempered handle demigods. E very(prenominal) unrivaled calculates to travel front sheet postgraduate in the shift want birds. though we pack the commercial message picniclines as an piquant and mer scum bagtile c argoner, to fly for the variant magnate is what everyone desire. not nevertheless is it a aff transfer of self-conceit to armed service the nation, and in handle manner fly these cogitate machines revving divulge thousands of clam power is a antithetic oscillate alone(a) together. channelize twinge is an view in the rudes self-renunciation organization that is set with its the highest respect. The profession of the cowcatcher who fly a MIG 2000 or a Sukhoi is the some sought-after(a) after.But there are knottyships in it in addition. The pi parts in their beseech to foster their inelegant sometimes windup up losing their invigoration too. The cowcatche rs case many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) hardships too homogeneous fugitive done hailstorms, enemy territory, etcetera The tone in occupation pull back is be intimateable, undaunted only if as well as dangerous. some nation aspire to be in the pushover lunge. Indian origin speciality is the quaternary largest in the world. It also has one of the outgo facilities of readying its pilots. ane can yoke the Indian personal credit line perpetrate through the NDA, followed by teaching on a hero sandwich super C originally they are accredited as pilots. For those animate by movies like vellicate Gun, etc, the air force is not all almost bikes and parties. It calls for a lot of forfeit and dedication. Pilots beat cumulation their lives to cheer the terra firma exit their families worried. A pilot sacrifices a lot to school for the hoidenish. We citizens enjoy a rubber eraser wickednesss peace because of these nation who defecate very hard to comfort us. moreover with invigorated technologies and improvements, air planes are cosmos do hazardless. Pilots instanter neednt bother often about their woodworking plane malfunctioning. A pilot though looks silly carries the consign of the country safeguard on his shoulders. This helps in motivation the populate to lift preliminary and sum this terrific initiation called the Indian stemma Force. though the bank line is risky, it is a rattling(prenominal) olfactory property and a intimacy of congratulate to come the nation.

Dicussion on movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dicussion on movie - Essay ExampleIn this involve, ultimate gender performance is apparent in the way distributively manages realize their respective motives whereby Toby becomes a distinguished porn actor and Bree waitress in a place where there introductory her fiber encompassed washing dishes.Both key character deem they represent the opposite of what they are based on gender. Toby while indulging oneself into the acts of unfearing appears to be the recipient who through his charm arouses those of the same orientation. This is also evident with Bree who through her conduct all males whom she encounters end up exhibiting interests in without suspecting anything except that chaff in the hotel. The latter among all other scenes is the sole incident, which I can concretely contend Bree utterly failed but all others she managed to masquerade as a woman. Conversely, Toby is successful all through and no incident where he seems to contradict who he is evident in the easily prostate s to supplement their budget and delusion proceeds were from selling drugs.In the film, the essence of nudity encompasses unveiling controversial aspects used to develop varied scenes constituting the entire movie as well as satiating audiences curiosity. For instance, Toby through nudity manages to know exactly Brees condition, which from the onset of the film viewers could only hear through discussion. In addition, nudity serves the role of advancing plots such that the film continues to progress, which is evident with the case of Toby having known who exactly Bree is an incident of rift between them develops until reconciliation in the end of the film.The film though its scenes might seem different from that of The Hitch-Hiker (1953) there earlier I watched, their general basis encompasses how the involved and key characters manage to scrutinize the reality of each other . In both films, there are hitchhikers

Southern Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

grey telephoner - Case Study ExampleTherefore, they fail to happen upon desirable wariness of talent in the organization. Finally, the Southern Company has functional expertise, which increases the chances of the company identifying appropriate human resources for its electric utility activities. Evaluate the effectiveness of the roles that the strategical leaders played in the formation of the performance management strategy. There was a deliberate changement in the entire leadership of the company. The improvement was strategic because it enabled the corporation achieve better achievement. Consequently, the effectiveness of this step to empower leaders concentrated on the suggestions in management books. The Leadership Pipeline, is a book that encouraged Southern Company leaders to diversify their strategies. The leaders also determined the respective results that they needed to achieve in order to improve performance (Kandula, 2006). Indeed, this strategy was effective beca use it enabled the strategic leaders to form desirable and applicable strategies in managing their respective talents. In addition, the strategic leaders ensured there was an writ of execution of a plan that would increase their performance. For example, the plan entailed the formation of certain guidelines. Consequently, the guidelines focused on how to improve the performance of management. The effectiveness of this strategy was the creation of order in the delivery of managerial responsibilities. For example, the guidelines would reduce any confusion from lack of sufficient preparing (Goldsmith, Marshall, Carter, Louis, & B.P.I, 2009). Other efficiencies of the roles played by the strategic leaders include preparing for future talents by identifying potential successors. This strategy enabled the management of Southern Company to determine the nature of talent they had during operational periods. This is because the strategic leaders encouraged willing human resources to chord to certain leadership positions in the future. Additionally, there was enhancement of performance because of the requirement to state the time that an individual was ready to perform diverse tasks. Moreover, the human resources of Southern Company work hard to achieve the required experience for promotions in the organization. This is effective because the strategy forces employees to increase their respective competencies. In particular, the management of Southern Company used its leaders in diverse departments to increase the performance of the entire company (Armstrong, 2011). Develop a five (5) point criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the talent management strategy and how the data could be collected 1. Talent management focuses on diverse programs and cultures in the respective organization. These programs and cultures retain all the available talent in organizations like Southern Company. 2. Additional programs that are part of the strategy for managing talents in or ganizations include the rotation of duties (Armstrong, 2011). 3. Research into emerging processes of talent management is equally crucial. 4. The managers usher out alter their respective duty rosters in order to determine the best department for each employee. This will also ensure that employees perfect their diverse talents then being effective in whatever department (Goldsmith, Marshall, Carter, Louis, & B.P.I, 2009). 5. In addition, the management of talent also includes retaining talent for lengthy periods in order to create committal. This is because loyalty increases performance in

An Investigation Into E-marketing Strategies That Could Be Applied to Literature review

An Investigation Into E-marketing Strategies That Could Be Applied to a Failing DVD & Rental Company - Literature review exemplarHowever this could be done by the promotion of the company through with(predicate) e-mail messages. The company has to structure a proper opt-in list through e-mail and make awareness to receipt of the emails. Network marketing is the fourth form in which the relationship would develop only within a specific intercommunicate of people, both individuals as well as the company people. There would be less scope for this in case of the DVD rentals. Blogs may also be written ab proscribed the shuffle to make awareness about the products or the various kinds of services so that the people get necessary feedback about the brand (McQuail, 2005, pp. 45-67). E-marketing on the other hand would be the new-sprung(prenominal) entrant in the stem in which the marketing would take place by means of the internet, through the social websites or the other popular websi tes that people access. There are several reasons are contributing to the success of e-marketing. The authors homogeneous Davis and Abhor stupefy recognized the worldwide acceptance of the credibility of information technology. The firms that are operating on a large scale find it easier to integrate their processes with information technology (Davis and Arbor, 1989, pp. 318340). Studies have proved that the companies that have that have taken the help of the Database Marketing and Network Marketing and have integrated it with the e-marketing strategies have performed in a much better(p) manner. The e marketing strategies can be best implemented depending on the age group that would access a particular website. For example the social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter would have acceptability among the young as well as the old people and therefore particular advertisements should be on the specific pages to... This written report stresses that Marketers around the world use a number of Technologies for their E-marketing strategies. Social Media is a powerful tool for E-marketing their products or services to specific groups. descent use different social media marketing curriculums like Facebook, Twitter etc. to help their product reach the customers.This report makes a conclusion that nowadays nigh of the markets use Facebook online Marketing platform to target their customer segments. Facebook keeps updating their features year on year to improve their advertising portal, so that the business community adopts the platform for their marketing strategy. Over the year Facebook has been the most successful social media Technology. The e marketing strategies can be best implemented depending on the age group that would access a particular website. Pinterest is a content sharing service which allows their members to pin videos, images to their pin boards. It reminds us of the importance of such pictures and videos in reaching out to their customers. Text may convey a messed abut it is said that a picture has more impact as compared to text. The author of the report declares that E-mailing for E-marketing is not new in the Internet. Nowadays most of the companies try to avoid sending emails to their target customer because they dont eventually grab attention of them. They either do in the spam box or the customers delete them with a degree of annoyance. But using this company can gain information from them and do look into on their part to know what works on their subscriber and what does not.

Quality Service Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quality Service Management - Case Study ExampleSpencer was in main(prenominal)taining prime(prenominal) serve up by the hotel lag as a result of which he and his family had to wait for a long time before they could finally check in into their room. there were also unavailability of staff to escort them to their room as they had luggages and also a kid. They had to struggle to reach their room this indicates a clear service tincture gap as the hotel was not being able to meet the basic requirements of their guests. The guests waited for a long time in queue due to inefficiency of the front desk operators. The hotel even out did not possess an effective knowledge management which resulted into same room being allocated to two guests. There was even lack of communication between the hotel staff and guests and this caused the guests to wait for a long time for services such as availability of even room keys. The staff of the hotel also did not take to release appropriate services to the guest and there were no staff available to attend the guests if they came after 11pm. Remington Hotel was not able to handle queries of the customers and neither had efficient staffs who could revert the guests standard services and even could contribute towards making the experience of their guests at their hotel a memorable one.The most important service quality dimension that postulate to be considered by Madeline for further service improvement was assurance. The hotel staff and even design of the facilities that were offered to the guests was actually low in assuring that they were able to meet quality standards in comparison to other hotels. Madeline needs to improve assurance factor so as to deliver high quality services to all its guests. The main factors that build this assurance aspect are well trained staff, technologically advanced system and quick services as per the requirements of their guests (Lockyer, 2013, pp. 75-76). These factors need to be handled ver y effectively so that the guests do not come up with such

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Report - Essay Example1). Being Islam and Arabic from Kuwait, the fete is an intriguing event and a unique experience to be at the center of a cultural life unfamiliar to what I have been traditionally used to. In this regard, the experience gained from attending the event is hereby summarized in terms of the activities participated in and is instrumental in presenting an analytic evaluation of that experience with the lens of an Asian American Studies student by applying what one has learned in this course.Prior to the event, I was already profoundly interested and have rattling heard so much ab turn up the Cherry Blossom Festival from friends and acquaintances as one of the much awaited intercultural events in the US. Wanting to find out more about this occasion, I searched on the internet and was made aware that the cherry blossoms (Sakura) is a well-known and ubiquitous symbol of Japan and are ofttimes depicted on traditional Japanese goods and art. The cherry blossom is partic ularly important in Japanese culture as it represents the end of the winter and the beingness of new life and growing season of spring (Japanese Lifestyle, par. 1). Remarkably, despite the tragic event of the earthquake that instigated a tsunami in Japan on March 11, the rest cherry blossom trees continue to bloom and became symbols of both fragility and courage. As Sakurai indicated, the warrior class liked the flowers because they didnt cling to life, but rather showed up for the briefest spell, and fell at the peak of their splendor. In this way, they embodied the spirit of bushido the way of the warrior that combines stoicism, bravery, and self-sacrifice (par. 7). By this, I was convinced that the event would be a worthwhile and memorable experience.The NCBF in Washington, D.C. has events lined up since February to April of 2011, showcasing arts exhibition of different seasons in Japan, an exhibition of flower

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Personal Statement - Essay ExampleThis is considering that if I establish myself as a financial expert, parentage organizations will rely on me to create financial records of their transactions, financial flows, their process for wealth creation and indicate their financial position at a point time, makes me appreciate the importance of a career in this field. This appreciation influenced me to select a career in this field as I will put down to interact with other likeminded individuals and learn more on how to run the ball through my practice in the financial sector. In addition to the importance of pay and account, the make logic and advanced mathematics have been areas that fascinate me throughout my academic life. I enjoy not only the advanced mathematics and clear logic practiced in the economic analyses, but also the links that the field shares with social practices and interactions engaged in financial industry in the advanced(a) world. The course that cemented my inte rest in this field of study is International economic science and Trade, which raised in me a useicular interest in macroeconomics. My desire to hatch with my studies at a MBA level was further stimulated by the lectures on Financial Hot Issues. I hope to keep on building my companionship in these areas through the courses you offer in your esteemed university. Presently, I am on my final year of studies, where I am taking International Economics and Trade at the University. This course has provided me with great understanding of the applications and principles of international economics and I believe that I am prepared to face the future complexities of the world economy. Additionally, during my undergraduate studies, I further stand uped an interest in accounting and finance. As I have done accounting and finance as part of my International Economics and Trade course, I find a Masters degree in these field a necessary addition to my knowledge of how condescension organizatio ns handle their financial responsibilities. My desire is to learn finance not only as part of International Economics and Trade, but also as a field, that covers both international transactions and business practices within the country. MBA in financial related field will establish me as a financial and accounting expert both in international and domestic business. Therefore, I would like to increase my professional potential in Finance related field by pursuing Master studies at your University. Through the university website, I was excited to learn about the excellent Master programme that your university offers. I believe that the course bodily structure will offer me a robust footing on the pertinent theoretical and quantitative skills to cultivate my personal capability, inventiveness, and other key skills that are seek after by future employers. These courses will give me an edge over others in the financial field since the courses and exposure that your institution offers i ts students have the ability to develop an expert who is competent in the field of practice. Besides, graduates from your institution can use the acquired knowledge and skills to handle not only the areas that one has studied, but also emergent issues in the financial sector to solve financial problems that business organization experience. Furthermore, MBA in finance from your university will afford me a valuable understanding of the Hesperian approach to economics, which is treasured by Chinese proprietors who are

Hospitality and Tourism Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hospitality and Tourism Business - Essay ExampleMoreover, the assiduity also performs a key role in dealing with the aspect of unemployment each over the world by employing millions of people worldwide. In the contemporary context, the industry has undergone various noteworthy changes and its significance has reached a sizeable level altogether (Barrows & Powers, 2008). It is apparent that the tourism and the hospitality industry have emerged as kind of crucial with its presence being quite prominent all over the world. It is worth mentioning in this context that there are certain characteristics of this particular industry, which are observably unique and different from other industries upto a borderline extent. Some of the differing characteristics of this particular sector include its predominant nature of being a service industry although imbibing the characteristics of a product oriented industry as well, the labour intensive nature of this sector and the aspect of seasonal ity among others. All these facets are crucial for trade operating in this sector, with the purpose of devising their strategies ensuring sustainability in their operations (Tesone, 2012). Contextually, the primary intention of the discussion henceforth will be to analyse the characteristics of this particular sector in detail and recommend strategies to the small business units operating in this particular sector.... Over the years, the industry has expanded its presence extensively and has become a major contributor towards the development of the world economy. Arguably, the catamenia prospects of the hospitality and tourism industry of the world have been in an ever rising mode and are expected to continue the same way in the near future. However, it is important to note that there are several reasons, which have contributed towards the immense growth of this particular industry in the recent years. Among the several factors, the uniqueness of the industry is one vital domain, where it excels evidently. Correspondingly, it is often argued that the hospitality and the tourism industry of the world are quite unique as it possesses certain characteristics that are quite different from other forms of industry to say the least (Brotherton, 2013). The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the few industries of the world, where the services provided to the customers are treated as the ultimate products therefore making an initiative to mitigate the gaps and differences between product management principles and the notion of services management (Education Bureau, n.d.). Thus, the products offered to the customers in this particular sector are considered as intangible and perishable. The companies therefore strive to ensure effectiveness in their performance with the help of delivering efficient services to the customers, further ensuring maximum satisfaction from them. The primary fury of the business, in this particular sector, is therefore to develop the quality of the services in order to ensure a sustainable presence in the increasingly hawkish environment, over a longer period of time (Vasile, 2009). Another unique characteristic of the

Abuse of prescription of narcotics in primary care and its prevention Dissertation

Abuse of prescription(prenominal) of narcotics in primary care and its prevention - Dissertation Examplejournal Issue, Pages Journal of General Internal Medicine Vol. 21 No. 6 Pages 652-655. Year published Years data collected Published in 2006. mark To determine in community health care environments the level of satisfaction with regard to genteelness received on current practices in the management of distress among the care providers. Methodology, Variables Design, Sample, Instruments Qualitative study. Variables Design Issues involving reaching optimal control of pain in patients and approaches that would assist in improving prescribing of opioids in managing degenerative pain. Sample 67 attending physicians, 19 nurse practitioners, 3 physician assistants, and 22 family practice residents, making a total of 111 participants from 178 selected. Instruments Survey questionnaire relating to satisfaction with training and care obstetrical delivery with regards to chronic pain, is sues concerning chronic pain management, possibility of prescribing opioids, and estimation of the probability of psycho-social co-morbidities Findings From a wide perspective there was low satisfaction among primary care providers in satisfaction of the treatment of chronic pain. For most of the attending physicians the training received in chronic pain treatment during their medical education and residency training was insufficient. For most of the care providers the major barriers to optimal pain treatment were patient self-management, patient, psychological meanss, and patient compliance. There was a low rate of willingness to prescribe opioids, with the factor of the patients selling the opioids being the main barrier. Moe frequent visits raised the likelihood of willingness to prescribe opioids. Comments, Implications, Limitations Primary care providers hold the view that the patients are the biggest barrier to optimal chronic care in primary care settings. Implications The f indings of the study suggest that education and training of primary care providers in chronic pain treatment should fetch a greater focus on patient oriented approaches in the management of chronic pain, and how to deal with substance abuse and addiction. Strengths Survey questionnaire grounded in ahead studies, with assistance from a group consisting of primary care providers, researchers, and a pain specialist. Limitation Small sample size limits the generalization of the findings of the study. Theme 1 neglect of education of primary care providers about pain management. Unique Identifier Sullivan 2 Authors Sullivan, M. D., Edlund, M. J., Zhang, L., Unutzer, J. & Wells, K. B. Title Association Between Mental Health Disorders, Problem Drug Use, and fastness Prescription Opioid Use. Journal Issue, Pages Archives of Internal Medicine Vol. 166 Pages 2087-2093. Year published Years data collected Published in 2006. 1998 and 2001. Purpose To investigate whether psychic disorders e nhance the guess of opioid use or whether opioid enhances the risk for mental disorders from a large cross section of the population. Methodology, Variables Design, Sample, Instruments Cross-sectional Qualitative study. Variables Dependent Variables Regular prescription opioid use. Independent Variables Mental health and problem drug use. Sample 6439 individuals matching the inclusion criteria from the 1998 and 2001 waves of the population-base survey Health-care for Communities (HCC). Instruments Data from the 1998 and 2001 waves of the population-base survey Health-care for Communities (HCC). Findings Patients on regular prescription opioids had the high risk probability by two to three times to seek mental health assistance. Continued use of opioids by patients from 1998-2001 was associated with a higher risk for common mental

Treatment-Based Drug Courts Significantly Reduce Criminal Recidivism Annotated Bibliography

Treatment-Based Drug Courts Signifi contributetly Reduce Criminal Recidivism Rates - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThese programs are developed with an aim of trim down crimes that are usually committed because of do drugs abuse (MacKenzie 2008). Within the programs, people are offered training based on their skills with the aim of making the sign in the community. Through the education offered in these programs, people change their habits and develop positive thinking (MacKenzie 2008). Individuals who undergo proper training in the programs are not believably to get involved in criminal activities. While those who do not get training end up going back to prison because of committing crimes (Vacca, 2004). notwithstanding the development of these programs in most societies, there is limited research conducted on the effectiveness of the program (Vacca, 2004). It is typically very problematic to determine the effectiveness of these programs because of different judicial procedures used in most of the programs (Vacca, 2004). It also very difficult to determine the factors that affect the programs within the rehabilitation centers (Vacca, 2004). This study will, therefore, test the hypothesis Treatment-based drug courts significantly reduce criminal recidivism rates. Participants in this program most of the time are given counseling services and educational training services that supporter them change (MacKenzie 2008). The researcher will use a meta-analysis of several studies collected that combines the importance of an association between the study variables (Vacca, 2004). This method is the most suitable because they can be used to describe the efforts made by the respondents under investigation.

Global Interdependence Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Interdependence - Article Examplel idea of Simons article is the planetary sense of exhaustion, particularly in the Islamic world, as a result of local conflicts, interference by the US and terrorism. The Israeli-Arab conflict, its superveneout on the relations betwixt Syria & Lebanon, the 9/11 disaster leading to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the sanctions against Iran and the latest act of terrorism against Mumbai by suspected terrorists from Pakistan all continuing disastrous events evading resolution, have been fey upon by Simon to point out that the world is exhausted and looking forward to a new messiah to bring these conflicts to an end. President-elect Mr. Barack Obama, according to Simon, carries this great burden of foresight by the people across the globe. If trade or scotch matters are the bye-words of globalization, the word Obamania is no less in a globally interdependent world.Mr. Obama assumes property as President on 20th January 2009, and the eage rly awaited change of course from the present administrations policies. Without saying it in so some(prenominal) words, Krugman hints at the interdependency of the global economy and politics to suggest that expectations indeed run high on both counts at home and abroad.The end of the cold-war arrest signified by the fall of the former Soviet Union, gave rise to globalization as the solution to economic co-operation and growth. The USA promoted this approach aggressively and prompted most nations to fall in line. Indeed, many poor countries have been seeing the benefits of global marketing, by exporting cheap manufactured products into the rich markets of the western world. However, the success on the economic side has not been repeated in the political area. The decades old conflict mingled with the Israelis and the Palestinians continued without abatement and if anything, worsened into an all out conflict between the Islamic and non-Islamic (mainly Christian, Jewish and Hindu) faiths. Exhausted by the expensive wars on one side

Price Elasticity of Demand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Elasticity of Demand - Essay ExampleAs gamboge and soybean are substitutes, one can be used in place of the other, so when the demand for lemon yellow is increased, its price excessively goes up qualification the farmers choose to plant corn instead of soybeans. We know that producers are after their gains or profits, so higher prices go away encourage them to supply more of that good. They will find the increasing demand for corn and its high price more profitable than planting soybean. And given that the price of resources or factors of producing corn will be the same as in producing soybean, eve the farmlands which were intended for soybean will be used now for planting corn resulting to a decrease in the supply of soybean. The price of corn oil will be definitely increased because as the number of buyers of corn increases, the market demand for it will also increase and price of corn have to be increased to maintain equilibrium. This is because if price will be kept a t the same level even with the increase in demand, the supply of corn might not be enough for the demand and will create a shortage in corn. This is what on the dot happened in the US last October of 2010 (Berry & Polansek, 2010). Shortage in food supplies made the prices shoot up but prices of grains fell when the weather was better and inventories for US corn were increased.

Unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unemployment - Research Paper ExampleExtensive research oer multiple aspects of unemployment has revealed that the past unemployment results in change of preferences such as prices and constraints, affecting the levels of future unemployment as well. Individuals differ in certain unmeasured variables that, if not aright controlled, have influential impact on levels of unemployment. There exists, however, no universally acceptable definition of unemployment so far because both employed and unemployed battalion worldwide are measured quite differently.Over the last few decades, the progressive world economies have, though slowly, recognized the complexity and seriousness of growing unemployment issues at last. However, sundry(a) scholars and economic organizations have provided with more generalized definitions of unemployment. The most widely referred definition from the International Labor Organization states that unemployment occurs when people are without jobs and they have act ively looked for campaign within the past four weeks. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the labor force. According to the Census Bureau, unemployed persons include those who did not work at all during the survey week, and who were looking for work. too included are persons who would have been looking for work except that (a) they were temporary ill, (b) they expected to return to a job from which they had been laid off for an indefinite period, or (c) they believed no work was available in their line of work or in the community. Unemployment can also be defined as, An economic condition mark by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain un-hired. Unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the total available work force. The level of unemployment varies with economic conditions and some other circumstances. (Investo r words, 2009). Students, children, retired personnel or people not interested in a paid job are not inclusive, however. Categorized on basis of causes and consequences, in that location are four major types of unemployment in macroeconomics. Frictional unemployment - People who are re-entering (are between jobs) or entering for the first time or after absence seizure from work usually experience short-term unemployment called frictional unemployment. This kind of unemployment is sometimes considered beneficial as it provides time to individuals, organizations and societies to find better jobs build suitable custody and improve services respectively. Structural unemployment Unemployment also occurs if there are both jobs and workers available but the skills required for a job are not coordinated workers experience. This situation often results due to changes in structural economies and lasts for several years (long-term). For example, jobs are available in oil and gas industry a nd workers have skills with stuff industry, there is a mismatch of skills leading to Structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment Sometimes, changes in weather, tourist activities or other seasonal factors results in short-term unemployment of related people called Seasonal unemployment. For example, some people experience joblessness as the construction activity slows down during extreme winters. Cyclic unemployment payable to prolonged periods of recession, production outputs are cut down causing joblessness. Previous employees lose jobs and entrants have fewer openings to search. As business cycle is actively involved, this type of unemployment is called Cyclic unemployment. This is long-term and considered as the most stark kind of unemployment. When joblessness due business cycle is minimized to zero, economists say that we have reached full employment. Rise in level of unemployment is considered among the most worrisome economic problems. Due to gradual adjustments acc ording to the market equilibrium price and quantity over time, there exists no

Marketing in Ecommerce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing in Ecommerce - Assignment ExampleSimilarly, if such economic forces practice monopoly over roughly products and services in the internet, they may lock out numerous prospective players of ecommerce hence slowing the growth and expansion of ecommerce.Certainly, online merchants incur huge losses when prospective buyers use their online business platforms for research purposes. This is because no matter the huge internet traffic that flock their websites, few actually make orders for the products and services that entice them. The scoop remedy in this case would be to disallow free viewing of products and to offer products that are more competitive and services in the internet so that potential buyers substantiate no better alternative.Definitely, the phenomenon of doing online research particularly for electronic products before purchasing such items from the store fronts has become the norm in many parts of the world. When it comes to food items, people do not normally do online research in order to purchase. This is mainly because such items as electronics and other products have specifications that a potential buyer ought to know prior to purchase. Besides, there are so many counterfeits out in the market and the only way to spring being swindled is by doing own research and the internet provides loads of information for such purposes.Without doubt, there are certain common themes about the use of plenitude media that the internet provides. These media services stick out indeed be adapted to an individuals mass marketing efforts with the Internet. Such internet platforms as the social media for practice Facebook and Twitter offer an excellent internet marketing platforms for ecommerce entities. This is especially so because such social media sites offer real-time connection with the customers and updating hence can be more beneficial to e-businesses than the mainstream media in terms of customer

Rhetorical Analysis (Ad Critique) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Analysis (Ad Critique) - Essay ExampleThe advertisement may look silly and nonsensical. It showed how everybody was moved to leaping including the characters in the television game and painting but this silliness make the sense of hearing immediately understand what the ad is all about that it is an energy drink. The audience may not understand what is in the drink or what the ingredients are, but they know that whatever is in the energy can surely make unrivalled move. Of course the audience know that the advertisement is exaggerated. But they do not necessarily believe whatever was shown in the ad that even the animals, painting and video character dance. The ad may not be physically feasible but it appealed to the audiences tickle bone that made the advertisement remaining and memorable.In this advertisement, the pathos or emotional is taken to the extreme because other rhetorical device were discarded particularly the logos or logic. In an lather of the adverti sement to make an impression to its audience through the use of pathos, it disregarded the consideration of logic. Such, the advertisement did not mind if it made any sense or not. It just wanted to sell its product after all and not to make sense. Mountain Dew knows that it is not reason that makes people buy but kinda their emotion. So the approach of the advertisement is to make a point that the audience understands that the product that the advertisement is trying to sell will make them energetic. It was able to carry through this by showing that everybody in the ad danced after the main characters drank the energy drink. Never mind if it is impossible or silly to see a painting dance or a mounted deer or even a dog to dance. As long as the audience finds it cute and made them smile or laugh, then the ad had served its purpose of appealing to the emotion of the audience and most likely, they will buy the product when they see one.The Mountain Dew Kickstart

State of Confusion Paper Essay Example for Free

render of admiration Paper EssayDetermining the difference between personal jurisdiction and number matter jurisdiction caterpillar track help to determine which location a lawsuit should be filed in. Defining inter give tongue to commerce and which level of government has the pay off to place restrictions on the commerce is important when discussing a lawsuit. Understanding how lawsuits work as well as what lawyers will try to introduce within the coquette will allow the defendant to be able to better predict the outcome of the lawsuit.Personal jurisdictionPersonal jurisdiction also known as personam jurisdiction is the courts authority over the parties involved in the dispute (Melvin, S. P., 2011, p59). Personal jurisdiction, defined in this manner, the parties involved can be a business or an individual. It is the courts responsibility to determine fairness to all parties involved while complying with the laws of the federal constitutional requirements. The court deter mines personal jurisdiction over a ships comp whatsoever who lives in a nonher put up by a state long-arm statute.The court must determine if the out of state defendant, transacts business in the other state, commits a hit-and-run(prenominal) act which leads to a loss to the other party, or owns property within the state (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p61). The court will look at Truckers lawsuit to determine if the accede of Confusions statute causes a loss to Truckers business. The injurious effect will be taken into consideration at the sink courts level. Does the statute of the State of Confusion cause an injurious effect on the Tanya Trucker a resident of the State of defense reaction? Subject Matter JurisdictionSubject matter jurisdiction is the courts authority over the dispute between the two parties (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p59). State courts atomic number 18 who handle any matter involving state statues, state common law or a state constitutional issue (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p60). The federal court will only hear matters in which arise from a federal statute or regulation, federal common law, or an issue with the U.S. Constitution. Federal courts may also hear matters when the parties involved ar from two assorted states or if the monetary amount is greater than $75,000 (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p 60). The federal government will only provide a ruling based on state law if the diversity of citizenship is used. Both subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction must be satisfied to buzz off with the federal court will be able to hear the case.In Tanya Truckers case against the State of Confusion the trial should be held in the federal courts within the State of Denial. The basis for this feeling is because the matter between the State of Denial and Tanya Trucker is the nonresident (Trucker) is alleging loss to her business by the State of Confusion, therefore, the federal court within the State of Denial will hear the case but base the decision on the State of Confusions state statute as well as follow the commerce Powers as defined by the US Constitution. sanctioned IssuesTanya Truckers attorneys will argue the State of Confusion has passed statues which attempt to regulate interstate commerce. The statue states all B-type truck hitches are required on all trucks which pass through the State of Confusion or the State requires the truck without the hitch to go around the State of Confusion therefore limiting the interstate commerce.This statue directly effects the Commerce clause of the US Constitution.The State of Confusion will argue the statue does non provide racist laws on out of state business, the statue is a legitimate effort to regulate health, safety, and welfare (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p35). The State of Confusion will further argue the statue allows for the safety of the B-type hitches allows the logger commuters on the pathway protection because of the safety of the hitch which is installed. The hitch will prevent a ccidents to other motorists on the highway. The statue allows the state to protect the commerce on the highway by requiring the hitch be installed on all vehicles which pass through the state.The research presented allows me to conclude the court will side in favor of Tanya Trucker. The State of Confusion is discriminating against all trucks and towing trailers by forcing them to use a specific hitch or not pass through their state. This statue is in clear intrusion of the Commerce Clause set forth in the US Constitution.Stages of a Civil SuitIn order to know the set ups of a civil litigation it is important to know the definition of what civil litigation is. Civil litigation is a dispute resolution process where the parties and their counsel argue their view of a civil (noncriminal) controversy in a court of law (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p78). The stages of a civil litigation can overlap at times causing the stages to get blurred however, the stages help to allow the parties involve d to understand the process and make sure a clear and concise resolution or ruling has been made. The stages of a civil litigation are, prelawsuit, standing, complaint and summons, answer, counterclaim, motions, discovery, pretrial conference conference, and trial. Following these stages and going through each(prenominal)(prenominal) stage completely allows for an unbiased verdict either by forecast or jury.PrelawsuitPrelawsuit is an in baronial demand from one party to another. Prelawsuit allows for the parties or their attorneys to get together and discuss the issue. Prelawsuit is each partys way of letting each other know what their demands are before a formal lawsuit is filed. This first step can help to resolve a number of issues before the costly issue of suit follows.StandingStanding is one party asserting a claim they have suffered an injury if fact, harm that is direct, concrete, and individualized, and articulates what legal regaining exists to compensate for the inju ry (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p79-80). The standing formally tells the other party exactly what their conduct is doing to the economic interest of the business.Complaint and SummonsThe complaint and summons stage is also known as the pleadings stage. If no resolution in the informal stage can be attained then the formal proceeding begin with a complaint and summons. A complaint is the facts of the case in a formal matter which describes the liability and the defenses of the party (Melvin, S.P., 2011 p80). A summons is a formal notification to the defendant that s/he has been named in the lawsuit and informs them that an answer must be filed within a certain period of time (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p80). firmnessAn answer is a formal document which addresses each complaint from the defendant. This document usually states what each party agrees to and what each party still disputes. If the answer does not come in a timely matter the other party can be held in default which will allow for the oth er party to automatically lose the suit.CounterclaimA counterclaim is a way for the plaintiff to assert a countersuit establishing their credibility and attesting to damages by the defendant for not following the statue. The counterclaim being filed gives the defendant the ball in their court. They must now answer to the countersuit in a timely manner or be held in default.MotionsA motion is a document filed by one party that requests court action in a matter pertaining to the litigation (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p84). A common motion filed in courts is the motion to dismiss.Discovery StageThe discovery stage allows each party to gather evidence to present in the pretrial conference and to be used in the trial. There are many different methods in the discovery stage. Depositions are common in this stage of discovery. Depositions are oral questions asked in front of a witness (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p84).Pretrial ConferenceA pretrial conferences primary purpose is to encourage each party to agree to a settlement. If a settlement is reached the trial will not proceed. If a settlement is not reached then the parties will appear for the trial. The pretrial conference is usually each party and their respective attorneys appearing before the judge.TrialA trial as defined by the text The Legal Environment of Business generally takes place in front of a judge as the lookout man of law and a jury as the finder of fact (Melvin, S.P., 2011, p86). There are many stages to trial such as jury selection and opening, testimony and submission of evidence, closing arguments and charging the jury, deliberations and verdict, posttrial motions and appeals, and collecting the judgment. Trials can lead to a settlement when either party realizes they are found at fault prior to the verdict. A settlement can happen at any stage of the trial proceedings.ReferencesMelvin, S. P. (2011). The legal environment of business A managerial approach Theory to practice. New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Journal on Chapter One of Al Gore’s “The Assault on Reason” Essay Example for Free

Journal on Chapter One of Al battues The Assault on Reason EssayIn the first chapter titled Politics of Fear of Al Gores Book, The Assault on Reason, the author basically dealt with one of the most prominent human emotions timidity. According to Gore, maintenance is the prime enemy of reason. When a person experiences fear of something or someone, his or her reasoning ability is shut down. In addition, Gore claims that fear also clouds a persons judgment as it drives him or her to act recklessly or irrationally with let on considering all options available. Furthermore, Gore also pointed out in his book that fear does not only affect a single individual, but an entire solid ground as well.According to him, a nation crippled by fear is unable to act towards development and progress because it does not do anything to overcome that fear. On the other hand, based on Gores book, when a person views fear as a form of motivation for him or her, he or she would eventually act to o vercome that fear and accomplish his or her goal. Generally, I agree with most of the arguments that Gore pointed out in the first chapter of his book, particularly on the areas where he related fear to politics. I call back that Gore was right in saying that there are times when people fail to distinguish between the illusionary fears and the legitimate or real ones. When this happens, people may find it extremely difficult to think rationally and plan their next move because their judgment is clouded and they are unable to listen to reason. Furthermore, I also believe that Gore was correct when he claimed that the present administration in the United States as used the peoples fear, which spawned after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, to manipulate various political processes and made people believe that all Iraqis were the ones responsible for the attacks. For me, I believe that it is wrong to think all Iraqis or Muslims are terrorists simply because their fellowmen m ay have committed heinous crimes. I believe this is the best example of the fear that has been plaguing US citizens since the 9/11 attacks. I also believe that the nation should first identify which fear is legitimate and which is not before exercising judgment.

Tourism in Malaysia Essay Example for Free

Tourism in Malaysia EssayTourism, including Malaysian touristry, is a big assiduity worldwide and many countries pretend already cashed in on its potential. This article seeks to assess the performance of tourism in Malaysia, its development, impacts and future. Implications for students will also be discussed. Tourism success in any country begins from the priority placed on it by the government. The Malaysian government through its Ministry of Tourism Malaysia (here later on referred to as Tourism Malaysia) plans develops and oversees tourism policies, projects and other activities to solve its vision of making Malaysia an worldwide tourism destination. The activities of this agency argon discussed in more details. Overview of Malaysian Tourism International tourist arrivals and international tourism good are the popular indicators used in measuringtourism performance. According to the 2010 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Report, Malaysia ranked 9th in i nternational tourist arrivals, welcoming 24. 6 million visitors through its doors. This good performance represents a 3. 9% increase over 2009 performance. Malaysia achieved a third place in the Asian region after China and Turkey respectively in the worlds top ten country lists of international tourist arrivals.This performance was realized by the governments tourism training, incentives and promotional designs. Government incentives accept tourism infrastructure fund and special tourism fund to support tourism-related development and projects. Promotional programs include the popular Malaysia my arcminute home, student tourism programs for secondary schools and education tourism among others. Provision of tourism services according to MS ISO 90012000 by the Ministry is an indication of the ministrys international quality benchmark.The impact of these efforts resulted in international tourism receipt of RM 56. 5 billion in 2010. Therefore, in order to complement this achievement , the government is stepping up efforts in its plan to boost the tourism industry. This was reflected in the 2011 budget where more tourism destinations in various parts of the country will be developed (some are already under construction as of writing), ban of import duties on certain tourism-related products, education promotions and part-funding of tourism related projects with the private sector.Highlights of Tourim sites in Malaysia The developmental efforts of the governments tourism agency resulting in the recognition of threeattractions as world heritage sites by UNESCO are truly commendable. Theseattractions are 1. Gunung Mulu National super C (Sarawak) 2. Kinabalu Park (Sabah) 3. Melaka and Georgetown, historic sites of the headspring of Malacca Potential sites already submitted for inclusion by UNESCO includes1. Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (LEWS) and Ai national Park (BANP) 2.Prehistoric Archeological Heritage of Lenggong Valley 3. The Taman Negara National Park of Peninsular Malaysia Consequently, change magnitude tourism benefits other sectors such as increasing hotel development, training of tourism related courses in tertiary institutions, manufacturing, transportation and the aviation industry only to mention a few. Future of Malaysian tourism and implications for students As Malaysia inches closer to its vision of becoming a developed country by 2020, the track down is on to ensure its tourism industry is not left behind.Continued liberalization of some government controlled sectors, increased incentives, development of more tourism destinations where possible, increased involvement of the private sector are some of the key strides that will continue to improve Malaysia tourism performance into the future. This has a huge implication for students oddly students of Hospitality and Tourism management. As populations increase in Malaysia and in the world and the Malaysian government makes its tourism industry more attractive, more ski lled force play will be required to manage the increasing government functions and private businesses resulting from it.One key recommendation for the Malaysian government will be to chemical element in the projected skilled workforce and skill sets required to realize its future tourism ambitions while making plans for those skills and workforce today. Students interested in the tourism industry will focus on developing additional skills sets more than a passing grade that will provide the distinction to ensure a place in the ever growing Malaysian tourism industry.Conclusion This article investigated Malaysian tourism in terms of its performance, impact, development, future and implications for students.It was found that Malaysia ranks in the worlds top ten countries in international tourist arrivals, achieved recognition for three UNESCO world heritage sites, and has a coordinated promotion, incentive and program to propel its tourism industry into the future. The implication fo r students especially student of the Hospitality and tourism industry werediscussed. Finally, it was recommended that a holistic tourism plan must include the projected skill set and workforce required to manage the increasing tourism projects of the future.

Anti-aging Mechanism Using Bacteriphages | Experiment

Anti-aging Mechanism Using Bacteriphages ExperimentWe all ca-ca been familiar with umpteen morbific diseases since many centuries ago. round bacterium have shooted millions of our lives, some vir habits have great potential to consume many peck health and wealth and both be still staggeringly haunting our humankind. We did discover Penicillin, scientists have developed many antibiotic and antiviral battery-acids to kill and combat against these bacteria and viruses. This is the war that will have no end.I have been thinking and studying slightly these microorganisms since my undergraduate degree emphasizing more or less the diseases and their basic features. In this study, I urgencyed to explore many facts about the bacteria and viruses for advantages of our medical sciences and I found out that there had been many researches and discoveries about using the bacteria and viruses for our goodness and amazingly there will be more and many potential for our future medical sciences.The most interesting thing I have studied is the prokaryotic viruses called Bacteriophage and they really have the very strong potential to be utilize as a weapon against many infectious diseases including multi drugs resistant bacteria infection and against green goddesscer much(prenominal) as very deadly brain flowerpotcers and even the feasible cure of many types of cancer by selectively targeting alone the cancer cells without fixing the approach pattern ones and I overly have studied about the telomerase enzymes that have the potential against human cellular ageing.OBJECTIVES OF MY INDEPENDENCE STUDYAs we argon living on the world interacting with the ecosystems containing different sorts of unicellular and multi cellular organisms, most of our evolutions and pros and cons are tightly associated with these organisms and the first objective of my study is to know or link the adept make we may obtain from our organisms by understanding them and also understand ing ourselves scientifically.To know and if possible, to propose or to make the steps to develop very effective possible future anti cancer interposition using bacteriophage.To propose the possible anti-aging instrument using bacteriphages.To develop drug which can be effectively used for the many multi drug resistant bacteria infections such as multidrug resistant Tuberculosis using bacteriophages and to identify the possible methods for the drug development and their respective infectious diseases with the delightful and precious help from my supervisorSCOPEAfter studying and emphasizing upon the brokerral briny advantages that we get from the bacteria and virus for our medical sciences, I want to focus my study upon the Bacteriophage viruses which can possibly be used as a vector for gene therapy and gene regulation for my hope against aging of human being and in another word against our inevitable part of our human life called stopping rouse.Another scope is to use the phag e as very specific cancer cell killing agent for many tumors containing specific surface markers or sensory receptors such as brain cancers.I want to study by reading books and journals and also with my innovative thinking step by step, from general to de cigarettes and to solve all the questions as much as I can and then to propose the very new techniques using molecular levels and receptors levels.ScheduleIf we want to know something, we must first understand it essentially and so, my very first important thing to do is to know about the general important and some very detail characteristics of the bacteria and viruses. Without the general companionship of them, it is not possible to find out more about them. Many reference books and internet links and help me with this part and to know the many beneficial effects of them for Medical Sciences.After this, my important plan is to study deeply inside the bacteriophage viruses and their current and future usage for Medicine and the n accessing the experience with my innovative thinking and advices of my supervisor I hope that I will be able to learn, study and find many things about for Medical Sciences.2. bacteria2.1 Introduction to bacteriaAll prokaryotic organisms are classified as bacteria and they are divided into eubacteria which includes all the bacteria of medical vastness and archae-bacteria which is a collection of evolutionarily distinct organisms.TYPICAL BACTERIA Most of them have shapes such as rod similar, sphere or corkscrew. Their cells are smaller than the eucaryotic cells and all of them except the Mycoplasma have the rigid cell wall surrounding the cell membrane. Apart from the shapes, the cell wall defines whether the bacteria are Gram disconfirming or Gram Positive.bacteria cells reproduce by binary fission. Atypical Bacteria are the distinct bacteria groups lacking of significant characteristics structural components or metabolic capabilities. They includes Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Mycoplasma etc.2.2 ADVANTAGES OF BACTERIA FOR OUR BODY AND MEDICAL SCIENCEAlthough bacteria can cause many diseases and health problems to human being, they also have many beneficial effects for our human body and medical sciences.NORMAL FLORA Many different micro-organisms mostly bacteria are continuously inhabiting the human body without giving any harm. Human body is usually sterile when a healthy new born enters the world. But, by and by birth, the body acquires radiation pattern flora from the environs and food. The very important fact is that the species of that flora can not be rigidly defined because they differ from one individual(a) from another as a result of physiological differences, diet, age and geographic habitat.NORMAL FLORA AGAINST THE INVADING HARMFUL INFECTIONSThe bacteria need receptors and nutrients for their metabolism. The invading infections will face with the competence of conventionality flora for these essential receptors and nutrients. Some bacter ia of the bowel can even produce the antimicrobial substances so that the invading organisms can be killed. But, the substances producing bacteria themselves are immune to their own substances. These effects can reduce the possibility of the infectious diseases and act amazingly as a defense mechanism against the infections.GERM unloosen ANIMALS The significant of the modal(prenominal) floral are now well explored by studying the germ free animals which have no normal flora as conventional animals. They are produced by special cesarean sections and then they are maintained in special isolators. Experiments signaled that in the germ-free animals, the alimentary lamina propria is underdeveloped, the motility of the GI pamphlet is reduced and the intestinal epithelial renewal rate is just one-half of the normal conventional animals.In studies with antibiotic treated animals also suggest that the normal flora can protect our bodies from the pathogens. The researchers first treated t he animals with Streptomycin to reduce the normal flora and then made them infected with the Streptomycin resistant Salmonella bacteria. In normal condition, about 10000000 Salmonella were needed to cause the establish infection but in Streptomycin pre treated ones, only 10 organisms were needed to cause infection.NORMAL FLORA FOR OUR IMMUNE SYSTEMSBacteria colonization of a new born infant is the very powerful stimulus for the development of immune system. The studies showed that the antibodies concentration after infections is significantly reduced in germ-free animals indicating the defect in acquired immune system.Bacteria are also the important providers of important nutrients such as Vitamin K and they also help with digestion and absorption of nutrients.REFERENCESLIPPINCOTTs ILLUSTRATED REVIEWS of MICROBIOLOGY 2007 credit line foundation garment TO BACTERIA , page 1 -6 Normal Flora Page , 7 10KAPLAN USMLE TEXT BOOK (MICROBIOLOGY)2009 translationHARRISONS PRINCIPLES OF IN TERNAL MEDICINE 20063. VIRUSES3.1 INTRODUCTION TO VIRUSESA virus is an infectious agent containing genome which is either RNA or desoxyribonucleic window glass and a protein capsid designed to protect the genome. Many viruses have excess structure like envelope which is protein containing lipid bi-layer. The sort of nucleic acid in the virus is the most fundamental and important of properties of virus. The nucleic acid may be case-by-case twineed (ss RNA ss DNA) or double stranded (ds DNA or ds RNA).The Single stranded RNA genome are subdivided into the positive (+) polarity which is, of courier RNA sentiency that can be used as temp young for protein synthesis. Negative (-) polarity or antisense which is complementary to the mRNA sense and so they can not be used as temperate for protein synthesis directly.3.2 THE REPLICATION CYCLES OF VIRUSESThe cycle begins with the fixing of the virus to the multitude cell called adsorption phase,1. ADSORPTIONThe sign attachment of a viru s to the armament cell is with the interaction amidst specific molecular structure on the surface of the virus and receptor molecules in the host membrane that can recognize the structure. The receptor molecules on the host cell membrane are specific for the family of the viruses and they are the molecular structures that usually shoot out normal cell functions. The receptors for the viruses are present only on specific cells or are unique for one animal species. So, the absence or presence of the host cell receptors is so important determination for the susceptibility or resistance of a species to a given virus. If we can genetically moderate the specific receptor affinity for the viruses, we will be able to round out or kill or change the craved targeted cells.Fig HIV virus adhering to the cell, attachment is accomplished by the SU fragment of the env gene product on the surface of the HIV which binds to the CD4 molecule. So, the HIV viruses can only infect the helper T cells , monocytes and dendritic cells which contain the CD4 protein in their cell membrane.2 PENETRATIONThe cardinal mechanisms the virons enter the cells crossing the cell membrane are the receptor-mediated endocytosis the viron binds the cell surface receptor and the cell membrane invaginates enclosing the virion in and endocytotic vesicle (endosome). The virion then enters the cytoplasm by various mechanisms depending upon the viruses. It is facilitated by one or more viral molecules in general. CDocuments and SettingsuDesktopendoem.jpg fMembrane Fusion Some enveloped viruses enter the cell by fusion with their envelopes with the membranes of host cells. Glycoproteins of the envelope can promote this and viral membrane then still remains associated with the plasma membrane of the cell and just the nucleocapsid is released into the cells. HIV viruses enter the cells by this fashion.3 UNCOATINGThis is the stepwise process of disassembly of the viron that enables the mental synthesis of the viral genes that carry out viral replications. Most of the steps occur inside the cells and depend on cellular enzymes and in rare occasions, newly synthesized viral proteins are needed to complete the process. The loss of one or more structural components of the viron will lead into the loss of ability to infect another cells reflecting as the eclipse period of the resurrectth curve.4 REPLICATIONDNA virus replication There is a wide macromolecular event variation between families of viruses for the replication processes depending primarily upon the viral genome sizes. The smaller the viral genome, the more the virus must depend on the host cell to replicate. Also the mechanisms of replications for ss DNA viruses and ds DNA viruses are different.RNA virus replicationsType 1 RNA viruses with a single stranded genome of (+) polarity that replicates with complementary (-) strand intermediate. In this, the infecting maternal RNA serves as both mRNA and later as a template for syn thesis of the complementary (-) strand.Type 2 Viruses with ssRNA genome of (-) polarity which replicate with a complementary (+) strand intermediate. (-) polarity genomes have two functions, one is to provide in organisation for protein synthesis and the second is to serve as template for replication. But they can not accomplish without prior construction of complementary (+) strand intermediate.Type 3 Viruses with ds RNA genome dsRNA genome is segmented, with each segment coding for one polypeptide. But, the eukaryotic cells do not have the enzyme to transcribe dsRNA. So, mRNA transcripts are produced by virus-coded, RNA bloodsucking RNA polymerase (transcriptase) located in the sub viral ticker particle. This particle contains dsRNA genome and associated viral protein, including the transcriptase. In replications, the (+) RNA transcripts are not only used for translation, but also as templates for complementary (-) strand synthesis, resulting in the formation of dsRNA progeny.Ty pe 4 Viruses with a genome of ssRNA of (+) polarity that is replicated with with a DNA intermediate the conversion of a (+) strand RNA to a double-stranded DNA is accomplished by an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, commonly known as reverse transcriptase, which is contained in the virion. The resulting dsDNA becomes integrated into the cell genome by a viral integrases action. Viral mRNA abd progeny (+) strand RNA genomes are transcribed srom this integrated DNA by the host cell RNA polymerase.4 ASSEMBLY AND RELEASE OF PROGENY VIRUSESThe assembly of the nucleocapsids loosely occurs in the cytoplasm for most RNA viruses and in the nucleus for most DNA viruses where the viral nucleic acid replications take aspire.REFERENCESLIPPINCOTTs ILLUSTRATED REVIEWS of MICROBIOLOGY 2007 EDITION , Unit-Viruses , 233-243KAPLAN USMLE TEXT BOOK (MICROBIOLOGY) 2009 EDITIONHARRISONS PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2006 EITION bacteriophageIntroduction to BacteriphagesBacteriophages are the viruses that r eplicate inside the bacterial cells. It contains nucleic acid encapsulated by the protective protein coat. The nucleic acid may be DNA or RNA depending on the phage and may be single stranded and some are double stranded ranging from the length of 3000 bases to 200,000 bases.The replication starts with the attachment of the virus to the receptors of the cell surface of bacteria. Then the phage injects the nucleic acid into the cell leaving all or most of the protein outside the cell. This is the obvious difference between the virus that infects the vertebrates and the virus that infect the bacteria. In former case, the virus is entirely taken up by the cell and its nucleic acid is released inside the cell. (1)The phage nucleic acid takes over the biosynthetic machinery of the cell to replicate its won genetic materials and to synthesize phage specific proteins. When new phage proteins and new phage DNAs have accumulated, they self-assembly into advance phage particles, the phage sp ecific enzyme ( lysozyme ) that dissolves the bacterial cell wall and the phage is released from the bacteria. A single phage can produce millions of progeny at the expense of bacteria cells in culture. (1) (2)4.2 Virulent phagePhage are classified as virulent or temperate depending on the nature of their human relationship to the host bacterium. Infection of a bacterium by the virulent phage results in the lysis of the bacterium and remainder releasing newly replicated phage particles. One phage can produce hundreds of progeny in spite of appearance twenty minutes under optimal condition. The interesting thing about that virulent phage is that the phage that attack one bacterial species do not attack other species. (1)(2)That is a huge advantage to use phage as an antibiotic because the phage against E coli bacteria will only kill that species and will not affect the others including the normal floral of our human body. So, they will be the most specific antibacterial agent. (1) (2)4.3 Temperate PhageThe temperate phages are different from the virulent one in that they have two possible fates after infecting the bacterium. Some cause the lysis and remnant of the bacterium just like the virulent phages do but they do have another alternative outcome. After entering the cell, the phage DNA integrates with the chromosome of the host cell. During this state (prophage) the gene expression of the phage is continuously by a protein (repressor) encoded by the phage genome and therefore no new phage particles are produced, the host cell survives and the phage DNA replicate as part of the host cell. (1)(2)4.4 LYSOGENIC BACTERIAThe bacteria which carry the prophage are called lysogenic bacteria and this phenomenon is called LYSOGENY. The connective of the phage and the bacteria is very stable unless the host DNA damage or the exposure to the ultraviolet illumination light occurs. When the DNA damage occurs, the repression of phage gene is lifted and the lysis occur s and the host cells die. (1) (2)4.5 MOLECULAR DETAIL OF LYSOGENYIn Lysogenic mechanism, the genes for the lytic process will have to be turned off and this process is caused by the phage coded repressor gene. This may be proteins or sometimes anti sense RNA. The repressor genes can turn off almost all the transcriptional spring and so most of the gene transcriptions including the essential ones for the lytic mechanism are mastered. But the repressor gene acts only onto the few booster unit genes and the gene for lysis mechanisms in late part of the processes are only indirectly inhibited by the lack of early gene transcriptions tuned off by the repressor proteins or anti sense RNAs.The early gene products are needed to bring out the subsequent gene expressions and their absence make the whole lysis process inhibited. The repressors also promote their own transcriptions to construe their functions. The lysogenic state is very stable and only one in 100000 cell divisions may und ergoes lysis by spontaneous activation. There are also many ways to stop the lysogenic state in experimental such as heating in which the repressor proteins become denature, treating with the UV ultraviolet light in which the specific system called SOS system of the bacteria is activated. The SOS system is the global regulatory system which responds to DNA damage. The break downward products such as oligonucleotides activate the Rec A proteins co-protease activity and this protein in turn inactivate the main protease protein called LexA and then repressors and the lysogeny state is ended. (1) (2)There is also a type of protein called anti-repressor protein and they inhibit the repressorss activities and this anti-repressor synthesis is turned off in the lysogenic cells by the maintenance protein called Mnt protein.CII gene In order to achieve the stable lysogenic state, both the judicature of the repression of the lytic gene and the integration into the chromosome of the cell are n eeded. CII is a transcriptional activator which is coordinated with the lysogeny. Within the CII gene, the gene called CI gene which transcription needs the CII-dependent promoter establish the repression of the lytic genes. This promoter is activated only for a short period during lysogenization and after the repression has been established, the CII gene is repressed itself.The CI gene is then transcribed only from the pM gene which is the maintenance promoter gene. The another protein called Integrase which is essential in integrating of the phage nucleic acid with the chromosome is also transcribed from the CII dependent promoter called PI. The pAQ which is also the CII dependent promoter makes an antisense transcript that opposes the Q gene expression. Q genes products stimulate the late gene expression and late gene products which could kill and lyse the cell and they are not made by the CII expressing cells and so the CII gene is so essential for the lysogenic state and only t hese cells expressing CII gene effectively become lysogenic cells. (1) (2)REFERENCESLIPPINCOTTs ILLUSTRATED REVIEWS of MICROBIOLOGY 2007 EDITION Bacteriophage in chapter 7 Bacteria genetic , gene transfer , Page 60-61RICHARD CALENDAR THE OXFORD TEXT BOOK OF THE BACTERIOPHAGE 2nd EDITION 2006 part II, Life of Phages, Page 66-104BACTERIOPHAGE AS AN ANTIBIOTIC5.1 WHAT PROPERTIES NEEDED AS AN ANTIBIOTIC?The antibiotic must be effective in the treatment of infection because of their selective toxicity. That means the drug should kill or effect against the invading desired organism without harming the cells of the host. In most of the cases, this toxicity is just relative rather than absolute, requiring that the concentration of the drug be carefully controlled to attack the microorganism while still being tolerated by the host. (1)5.2 WHY PHAGES AS ANTIBIOTIC?As the PHAGE viruses can infect and kill the bacteria, they can be used as a drug targets against the Bacteria. Phage Therapy Phag e therapy is the use of lytic phages to kill specific bacteria as an alternative to antibiotic.The lytic mechanism of the Bacteriophages ensures the effective antibiotic mechanism of the Phages. The other useful thing is that the specific type of Bacteriophage attacks only the corresponding bacteria and so the other normal bacteria will not be affected by the specific Phage Therapy targeted to the aimed bacteria. So, the Phages have more specificity than all antibiotics in attacking the bacteria.5.3 Host Vs PhagesThe phages are immunogenic and could initiate the immune responses. This effect may limit the uses of Phages because the Bacteriophages may be destroyed by our immune system even before attacking the desired target bacteria and also the strong immune responses may trigger the sensitized reactions and also the human immune system produces antibodies against the Phages.Despite these matters, the good tidings is that their clinical uses reveal only very few side effects or a llergic reaction. The best way to avoid the sensitization is to use the Phages only when it is necessary as in the case of multidrug resistant infection and using the Intra Venous IV Administration method.5.4 BACTERIOPHAGE AGAINST TBTuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to affect humans, is caused by bacteria belonging to the mycobacteria terabit complex. The disease usually affects the lungs, although in up to one-third of cases other organs are involved. If properly treated, atomic number 65 caused by drug-susceptible strains is curable in virtually all cases. If untreated, the disease may be fatal within 5 years in more than half of cases. Transmission usually takes place through the airborne spread of droplet nuclei produces by patients with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis.MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS This condition arises when the Bacteria undergo point mutation in their genome which occurs at low but predictable rates. There are two types of drug resistantPri mary drug resistant This occurs when the strain infects the one who has never been treated before andAcquired drug resistant In which, the resistant develops during treatment with in beguile regimen.Apart from the resistant, some of the patients are not appropriate to give the usual dose of conventional treatment due to their co existing diseases like renal failure, hepatitis or liver failure. (1)(6)MYCOBACTERIOPHAGEMycobacteriophages are the bacteriophages that infect against mycobacteria, the bacteria causing Tuberculosis and many other diseases like Leprosy. Mycobacteriophages were first discovered by the in 1946.They are the double stranded DNA viruses with non contractile tail belonging to the Siphoviridae family of the Bacteriophage. They also infect the pathogenic bacilli of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis complex and now more than 250 mycobacteriophages have been indentified. They are either lytic or temperate. Some mycobacteriophages like DS6A can exclusively infect the Myco bacterium tuberculosis alone. Phages like 13, D 29, TM4, Bxz2 and Chel 2 infect both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other Mycobacterium bacteria. Their structural variation is limited but their genomes show extra ordinary genetic variability. The implications of phages in mycobacterial diseases may be greater than previously realized. (1) (2) (3)(7)5.6 PHAGE THERAPYWe can use lytic phages to kill specifically pathogenic bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics treatment especially for the multidrug resistant Tuberculosis. Lack of knowledge of bacteriophage biology and the quality observe during the preparation of therapeutic stocks had made the therapy difficult though the first known therapeutic use was in 1919.The M. Tuberculosis infections are hard to treat because the bacteria are naturally resistant to many antibiotic. The bacilli may remain in the latent or dormant state avoiding the action of drugs that require replication of the bacteria. So, the treatment of Tuberculosis requires multiple drugs for extended periods of time to effectively cure and avoid the drug resistant. The minimal duration for the treatment is four months with four drugs and then two months with two drugs. The most important thing is the emergence of multi drugs resistant strains and that makes the Phage Therapy more interested. (1) (2) (3)Dr Margaret Chan, the director-general of the World Health Organization said,The situation is already alarming, and poised to grow much worse very quickly. She and Bill Gates also stated that they only had little help from the modern drugs for the disease that is affecting 9 millions people each year killing nearly 2 millions of them. The conventional drugs are useless against some strains of tuberculosis and they turn to the situation OUT OF CONTROL and A POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE (5)TIM JOHNSON, Mc Clatchy NewspapersAnimal study One of the Mycobacteriophage, DS6A, showed reduction in the observed in the lesions in spleen, lungs and livers of gu inea pigs infected with (Challenged with) Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the study showed that the anti bacterial effect of the phages is at least as good as Isoniazid monotherapy. The results are promising in the treatment of tuberculosis using phages.5.7 MYCOBACTERIM INSIDE THE MACROPHAGES Mycobacterium can reside in the macrophage cells of our immune system. They can even persist inside the phagolysosome where many bacteria and pathogens are killed. It was unsealed whether the mycobacteriophages can survive and replicate inside the hostile intra-cellular environment with reduced PH. (8)(9)5.8 MYCOBACTERIUM SMEGMATIS, THE VEHICLE INTO THE MACROPHAGES The above problem can be solved by using the vector bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis. The technology was introduced in 2002. In this technology, the non-virulent bacteria Mycobacterium smegmatis act like a carrier into the macrophages.Macrophages infected with the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium were treated with the additional Mycobacterium smegmatis infected with Mycobacteriophage TM4. After they are ingested and destructed by the macrophages, the TM4 phages were released within the macrophages infecting and destroying the pathogenic bacteria even within the macrophages. The experiments showed the significant reduction of both the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. (9)5.9 D29bacteriophages This D29 are capable of entering the Macrophages without the need of any carrier and they can infect the mycobacteria and kill them effectively.So, the mechanisms of action of mycobacteriophages are completely different from the conventional drugs and will be so important in the multi-drug resistant cases. The Phage therapy also dose not need repeat dosing because the viruses do increase within the target bacteria and new virions are released on lysis. The endotoxin may be released into the body after the bacteria has been lysed and this could trigger the immune reactions but till now t he clinical use of bacteriophages revealed only very few cases of side effects or allergic reaction indicating that our human body can really tolerate them. The other advantage is that they are cheaper and easier to produce than antibiotics. (10)REFERENCESLIPPINCOTTs ILLUSTRATED REVIEWS of MICROBIOLOGY 2007 EDITIONHORACE T. ADAMS CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN BACTERIOPHAGE explore 2009 EDITIONRICHARD CALENDAR THE OXFORD TEXT BOOK OF THE BACTERIOPHAGE 2nd EDITION 2006http//www.microphage.com/technology/phageBiology.cfmWHO, world health organization, Global Tuberculosis control GenevaHarrison school text book of Practice of Medicine , USA 6th editionFuller, KJ and Hatfull GF 1997 Mycobacteriophage L5 infection of Mycobacterium bovis BCG implications for phage genetic in the slow-growing mycobacteria Mol Microbiaol 26 755-766Kaufmann SH 2002 security measure against Tuberculosis cytokines T cells and macrophages Ann Rheum Dis 61 Sulll 2 ii54-58BroxmeyerL Sonsowaka DMiltner 2002 killing of Mycobacterium by a mycobacteriophage delivered by non virulent mycobacterium , model for phage therapy of intracellular bacterial pathogen, J infect Dis 1155-1160Trollip A Albert H and Maskell 2001 Bacteriophage based technology for the rapid diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing of tuberculosis Am Clin Lab 20 39-42Phage as cancer curing agent6.1 PHAGE DISPLAY is a process by which a peptide or a protein is expressed as an exterior fusion to a surface protein of a phage particle. The peptide or protein epoch can be deduced from its encoding DNA sequence that resides in the phage particle or in a transductant. Amplification of the DNA of interest can take place by phage/transductant prolongation or by polymerase chain reaction PCR. By producing large amount of phage particles, each expressing a unique peptide or protein peptide and protein libraries can be obtained. The peptides or proteins interacting with defined molecular targets (most often proteins) can be isolated from su ch libraries by enrichments through repeated cycles of panning. So, the phage boasting can be regarded as a search engine of protein-target interaction. (1)Phages are bacterial viruses that have no native affinity to mammalian cells. But we can amazingly genetically reengineered to display peptides fusions to coat proteins that can recognize and bind to our mammalian cells. Oligonucleotide sequences encoding for foreign peptides are cloned into phage coat protein genes resulting in combinatorial libraries of billions of different phage clones displaying encoded peptides on their surfaces. This phage display libraries can be easily screened against various biological targets including the intact mammalian cells to give binding molecules with desired target-specific characteristics. Even the cell-specific peptides indentified through phage display can be used as delivery moieties for construction of gene therapy vectors, liposomes, or targeted drugs to diseased cells in many sorts of disorder including the cancer. (2)(3)6.2 PHAGES AGAINST BRAIN TUMORS cancerous brain tumors are very difficult to treat because they are heterogenous, migrate far into adjacent essential brain normal tissues, are resistant to chemotherapy and actinotherapy and also protected by the blood brain barrier. (1) (4)The phage display might be so much effective against this fatal condition by succeeding(a) means.Phages can optimize the targeted delivery platforms to malignant brain cells using the cell specific peptides.The emerging of phage probes for profiling of brain tumors in individual patients and then making the personalized treatment based on the profiles of these tumors.To identify oddment Penalty in Britain Past and PresentDeath Penalty in Britain Past and PresentThis paper analyses the past and future of the goal penalisation in Britain, examining the rationale for abolition in 1965 together with the potential and merits of re-introduction in the future.The expiration pena lty was abolished in 1965 in Britain following a 1953 Royal Commission1 and pressure by abolitionist groups. While the 1953 Report went outside its remit, to examine the effectiveness of hanging, it addressed the issues of deterrence and retribution often heralded as the twin foundations of the death penalty and consequently used as the main commands for the failure of the punishment.Bailey summarises deterrence opening by stating that criminal sanctions must be severe enough to outweigh the pleasures2. A fundamental concern is that deterrence can be broken down into various components. The apex of deterrence is a swift, public, just, and painful execution. A death penalty that combined all of these features could be said to have the maximum likeliness of deterring potential criminals. It is generally believed that the majority of death penalty mechanisms in existence lack at least three if not all four of these qualities. Whether the death penalty in fact deters is the subject o f numerous studies when read objectively they give no definite answer.Retribution is in many respects the antithesis of deterrence. determent focuses on logic retribution deals with the emotional reaction of society, with the oft quoted foundation being an eye for an eye3. In many respects this is concurrently the most and least powerful argument for the death penalty. It is difficult to argue, in particular in the most heinous cases, that society and specifically the victims relatives should not have the satisfaction of retribution. Concurrently it is an argument based on emotion an element that justice strains to minimise. The fundamental difficulty was discussed by the US Supreme tribunal in Roper v Simmons4 where Justice Kennedy made it clear that retribution can be justified only in certain cases not in the case at hand. It is this fragmenting of the death penalty, with exceptions and splintered rationales developing, that has led to gradual reduction in the use of the death penalty.While a number of Royal Commission Reports and campaigns debated the issues mentioned above and below, it is likely that one particular argument dealt a hammer blow to the death penalty the concept that innocent people may be executed. This credit was a contributing factor to Justice Blackmuns famous dissenting statement I feel morally and intellectually obligated simply to consent to that the death penalty experiment has failed5. Year after year, new, modern evidence uncovers miscarriages of justice that lead to innocent men and women being released. In 1991 the Birmingham Six were released following police errors and new evidence. Had they been convicted 30 years earlier, there would have been nothing more practical to do than grant posthumous pardons. Hood argued6 that one of the main reasons for America still using the death penalty was that it was a populist measure. If this is so then there must be strong support for this argument of potential injustice, above the mo re specific, clinical reasoning, that persuades individual citizens of the dangers and essays that are inherent in the machinery of death.The modern addition to these time honoured theories is the popular focus on rehabilitation over punishment. The Criminal Justice System clarifies this by placing rehabilitation on an equal plane with punishment7. The rationale for this is uncomplicated and is based on the splendor of working with the individual in order to help them contribute to society as a whole. The death penalty fairly obviously has no place within this new philosophy.The theoretical objections discussed above are merely the tip of an iceberg capable of sinking at least an ocean liner. Were there to be an inclination to re-introduce the death penalty, and in 1994 a bilateral coalition of 403 MPs favoured abolition, the European Convention on Human Rights would still have to be faced. Through the Human Rights Act, the United Kingdom is a signatory to the Act and is prohibite d from imposing degrading punishment8. The issue has arisen predominantly with regard to cases of extradition to death penalty countries, and the courts have made it clear that even to extradite to such countries would constitute prohibited punishment.Further, to contemplate such a policy reversal would risk international condemnation. Amnesty have been vocal in condemning America and would turn their and others focus to Britain in an instant. While awareness of the factors above has been instrumental in 122 countries abandoning the death penalty either in its entirety or in practice9, the evolution has also been the result of constant pressure from Human Rights groups including Amnesty International. irrelevant America, Britain has traditionally been more dependent on the friendship of sister nations a friendship that could conceivably shift dramatically. In short, the practical objections to a re-introduction of the death penalty would require a change in British foreign and dome stic policy the effects of which would be felt for decades.CONCLUSIONThis paper has addressed the death penalty in succinct terms the question asks if it is the only way to dramatically reduce crime10. The analysis on deterrence and retribution show that far from this lofty status, there is no guarantee that it will reduce any crime.BIBLIOGRAPHYBailey WC Murder, Capital punishment and Deterrence A Review of the Literature (part of The Death Penalty in America, Current Controversies Edited by Bedau H,Published by Oxford University PressHood R Capital punishment (1998) (part of The Handbook of Crime and Punishment Edited by Tonry M,Published by Oxford University PressHood R The Death Penalty A World-wide Perspective 2nd EditionTurow S supreme Punishment,Published by PicadorGB Royal Commission on Capital Punishment Report of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1953)http//www.cjsonline.gov.uk/the_cjs/how_it_works/punishments_and_rehab/index.htmlhttp//web.amnesty.org/pages/death penalty-countries-engEuropean Convention on Human RightsCallins v Collins (1994)510 US 1141Roper v Simmons (2004) 543 US 5511Footnotes1 GB Royal Commission on Capital Punishment Report of the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1953)2 Bailey WC Murder, Capital Punishment and Deterrence A Review of the Literature3 exodus 2123-254 (2004) 543 US 5515 Callins v Collins (1994) 510 US 11416 Hood R Capital Punishment (1998)7 http//www.cjsonline.gov.uk/the_cjs/how_it_works/punishments_and_rehab/index.html8 Article 39 http//web.amnesty.org/pages/deathpenalty-countries-eng10 see question